Evolutionary psychology is one of many biologically informed approaches to the study of human behavior. Along with cognitive psychologists, evolutionary psychologists propose that much, if not all, of our behavior can be explained by appeal to internal psychological mechanisms. What distinguishes evolutionary psychologists from many cognitive psychologists is the proposal that the relevant internal mechanisms are adaptations—products of natural selection—that helped our ancestors get around the world, survive and reproduce. To understand the central claims of evolutionary psychology we require an understanding of some key concepts in evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, philosophy of science and philosophy of mind. Philosophers are interested in evolutionary psychology for a number of reasons. For philosophers of science —mostly philosophers of biology—evolutionary psychology provides a critical target. There is a broad consensus among philosophers of science that evolutionary psychology is a deeply flawed enterprise. For philosophers of mind and cognitive science evolutionary psychology has been a source of empirical hypotheses about cognitive architecture and specific components of that architecture. Philosophers of mind are also critical of evolutionary psychology but their criticisms are not as all-encompassing as those presented by philosophers of biology. Evolutionary psychology is also invoked by philosophers interested in moral psychology both as a source of empirical hypotheses and as a critical target.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The resurgence of extreme poverty and destitution, ethnoracial divisions (linked to the colonial past) and public violence, and their accumulation in the same distressed urban areas, suggest that the metropolis is the site and fount of novel forms of exclusionary social closure in advanced societies. This paper essays an ideal-typical characterization of this new, rising regime of urban marginality by contrasting it with selected features of urban poverty in the postwar era of Fordist growth. Six distinctive features of advanced marginality are proposed: the growing internal heterogeneity and desocialization of labor, the functional disconnection of neighborhood conditions from macro-economic trends; territorial fixation and stigmatization; spatial alienation and the dissolution of place; the loss of a viable hinterland; and the symbolic fragmentation of marginalized populations. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the rise of advanced marginality for social analysis and policy, including the need to break out of the market-and-state paradigm and to sever the link between work and subsistence via the institution of a citizen's wage.

The Rise of Advanced Marginality: Notes on its Nature and Implications

Emotion and politics is the study of the non-cognitive core of politics. Emotion and politics presents its own special set of difficulties. First, emotions are experienced individually but politics...

Secure States: Towards a Political Sociology of Emotion:

List of Illustrations Preface and Acknowledgments The Historical economy of emotions: Introduction Brussels, 2010: Emotional politics and the politics of emotion - The Economy of emotions: How it works and why it matters - The modern and the pre-modern Chapter 1 Losing emotions Losing emotions in trauma - Losing emotions in psychology and historiography - Losing emotions in the civilising process - Losing emotions in words: acedia and melancholia - Losing the mot-force: honour - Honour as an emotional disposition: internal/external - Honour practices: The duel - The emotional power of duelling - Shaming the coward - Equality and group cohesion - Crimes of honour, now and then - Chastity and family honour - Rape, sex, and national honour - The decline of honour, or its return? Chapter 2 Gendering emotions Rage and insult - Power and self-control - Women's strength, women's weakness - Modernity and the natural order - Emotional topographies of gender - Sensibility - Romantic families, passionate politics - Intense emotions versus creative minds - Schools of emotions: the media - Self-help literature - More schooling: armies, peer groups, politics - Collective emotions and charismatic leadership - New emotional profiles and social change - Angry young men, angry young women - Winds of change Chapter 3 Finding emotions Empathy and compassion - Social emotions in 18th-century moral philosophy - Self-love and sympathy - Suffering and pity - Fraternite and the French Revolution - Human rights - Abolitionism and the change in sensibility - Sympathy, lexical - Schopenhauer's Nachstenliebe versus Nietzsche's Fernsten-Liebe - Compassion and its shortcomings - Counter-forces and blockades - Suffering, pity and the education of feelings - Modern dilemmas - Humanitarianism and its crises Emotions lost and found: Conclusions and Perspectives Index

Emotions in History - Lost and Found

The jury trial is a critical point where the state and its citizens come together to define the limits of acceptable behavior. Here we present a large-scale quantitative analysis of trial transcripts from the Old Bailey that reveal a major transition in the nature of this defining moment. By coarse-graining the spoken word testimony into synonym sets and dividing the trials based on indictment, we demonstrate the emergence of semantically distinct violent and nonviolent trial genres. We show that although in the late 18th century the semantic content of trials for violent offenses is functionally indistinguishable from that for nonviolent ones, a long-term, secular trend drives the system toward increasingly clear distinctions between violent and nonviolent acts. We separate this process into the shifting patterns that drive it, determine the relative effects of bureaucratic change and broader cultural shifts, and identify the synonym sets most responsible for the eventual genre distinguishability. This work provides a new window onto the cultural and institutional changes that accompany the monopolization of violence by the state, described in qualitative historical analysis as the civilizing process.

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The civilizing process in London’s Old Bailey

Will reading habit influence your life? Many say yes. Reading the family romance of the french revolution is a good habit; you can develop this habit to be such interesting way. Yeah, reading habit will not only make you have any favourite activity. It will be one of guidance of your life. When reading has become a habit, you will not make it as disturbing activities or as boring activity. You can gain many benefits and importances of reading.

The Family Romance of the French Revolution

The Origins of Adversary Criminal Trial: Langbein, John H.: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 354 pp., Publication Date: March 2003

The Religious Origins of the French Revolution: From Calvin to the Civil Constitution, 1560–1791

Renate Blickle introduces the extraordinary Christina Vend and her use of written supplications as a form of protest. After her husband Ceorg was arrested and their farm confiscated hecause of the Vend’s refusal to purchase life tenancy, Christina used supplications to regain Georp’s freedom and their homestead. Kuhlack’s crucial contribution analyzes sexuX I relations, government officials, public morality, and questions of authority in early modern Ebingen and deliberates conflicts that arosc when Ebingen was forced publicly to conliont sexual misconduct. Ulrikc Strasser considers the consequences of Tridentine claustration and male-dominated agency. Significant for its approach from the women who experienced cloistering, what Strasscr reveals is important for those concerned with religious history and gender, as she conveys that the women dccply resented forced patriarchal authority. LJlrike Gleixner investigates piety from the pcrspective of female authorship. terninine memory and sacred historical record arc revealed as critical for understanding “female piety in the family and individual, everyday female role models” (268). Oagriiar k i s t scrutinizes the practice of mixed religious marriages. Freist coherently argue\\ that mixed marriages disrupted traditional gender hierarchies. 12eniarkable for uniqueness and depth, Gentler in Eiir1.v Moderr1 Gertncm History is appropriate for scholars interested in gender studies. A comparativc text is Women and (;eider in Eurly Modern Wales by Michael Roberts and S h o n e Clarke.

Court and Politics in Papal Rome, 1492–1700

(2003). The French Revolution and Empire: The Quest for a Civic Order. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 22-23.

David Hudson

Papers

The Family Romance of the French Revolution

The Origins of Adversary Criminal Trial: Langbein, John H.: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 354 pp., Publication Date: March 2003

The Religious Origins of the French Revolution: From Calvin to the Civil Constitution, 1560–1791

Court and Politics in Papal Rome, 1492–1700

The French Revolution and Empire: The Quest for a Civic Order