A lubricating oil composition formulated with a viscosity index (VI) improver composition including a combination of an ethylene α-olefin copolymer having no greater than 66 mass % of units derived from ethylene, and a linear diblock copolymer including at least one block derived primarily from a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer, and at least one block derived primarily from diene monomer.

Lubricating oil compositions.

Cost, environmental, and performance issues coupled with legislative changes, new engine oil requirements, and technology development for exploration of space and the oceans are changing the lubrication additive market. Reflecting how the need for new applications drives the development of new lubricant additives, Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and

Lubricant Additives : Chemistry and Applications, Second Edition

Succinic ester-amides are formed by (A) reacting (i) at least one substantially aliphatic polymer of at least one lower olefin, and (ii) an acidic reactant or a mixture of two or more acidic reactants represented by the general formula R-CO-CH=CH-CO-R' wherein R and R' are independently -OH, -o-lower alkyl, a halogen atom, or taken together are a single oxygen atom; the process being characterized in that:a) the substantially aliphatic polymer is comprised predomi-nantly or entirely of polyisobutene, at least 50% of the polyisobutene content of such polymer having an end group represented by the formula (see formula I) b) the mole ratio of said acidic reactant(s): said poly-mer(s) is at least 1 : 1;c) the reaction mixture is maintained under superatmospheric pressure during at least a substantial portion of the re-action period; and d) said acylating agent is characterized by having an average total tar rating as determined by the method described in the specification hereof that is at least 25% lower than the average total tar rating of a corres-ponding product made in the same way under the same reaction conditions using a polyisobutene containing up to 10% of the above-depicted end group; and (B) reacting such acylating agent with at least one alcohol (pre-ferably a polyhydric alcohol) and amine (preferably a polyamine having at least one primary amino group). Combinations of succinimides, succinic esters, and succinic ester-amides formed using such acylating agents are used in combination with other additives in forming lubricant compositions.

Ashless dispersants formed from substituted acylating agents and their production and use

This invention relates to a composition, comprising: (A) an acylated amine having a base number in the range of about 45 to about 90, said acylated amine being the product made by contacting (A)(I) at least one carboxylic acid acylating agent with (A)(II) at least one polyamine, said polyamine (A)(II) being selected from the group consisting of (A)(II)(a) a product made by contacting at least one hydroxy material with at least one amine, (A)(II)(b) an alkylene polyamine bottoms product, and (A)(II)(c) a product made by contacting a hydroxy material with an alkylene polyamine bottoms product; (B) a boron compound; and (C) an organic phosphorus acid or ester, or derivative of said phosphorus acid or ester. In one embodiment, this composition further comprises (D) a thiocarbamate. In one embodiment, this composition further comprises (E) a nitrogen-containing ester of a carboxy-containing interpolymer. These compositions are useful as additives for lubricants and functional fluids, and are particularly useful as additives for automatic transmission fluids for enhancing the torque characteristics such automatic transmission fluids.

Additive compositions for lubricants and functional fluids

Compounds comprising a Mannich reaction product of a) a polyisobutene-substituted phenol wherein at least 70% of the terminal olefinic double bonds in the polyisobutene are of the vinylidene type; b) an aldehyde; and c) ethylene diamine are disclosed, which are shown to have good detergency properties in hydrocarbon fuels.

Detergents for hydrocarbon fuels

Polybutenyl substituted succinic acylating agents are formed by reacting (a) an acidic reactant represented by the general formula R--CO--CH═CH--CO--R' wherein R and R' are independently --OH, --O--lower alkyl, a halogen atom, or taken together are a single oxygen atom, with (b) a polymer composed mainly or entirely of polyisobutene, at least 50% of the polyisobutene content of the polymer having an end group represented by the formula ##STR1## The mole ratio o9f acidic reactant: polymer is at least 1:1; and the reaction mixture is maintained under superatmospheric pressure during at least a substantial portion of the reaction period. The reaction rate is high, the yields of desired product are high, and despite the fact that superatmospheric pressures and elevated temperatures are used, the process forms only small amounts of tars or resinous co-products, even when employing as much as a 20% or more molar excess of maleic anhydride. Any unreacted acidic reactant such as maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, etc. can be, and preferably is, recovered from the reation mixture, and thus is available for use either as recycle to the process or for other uses. Inasmuch as chlorine is not used in the process, the expense and difficulties associated with handling chlorine on a plant scale are eliminated, and the product is less corrosive than corresponding products formed by use of chlorine.

Substituted acylating agents and their production

Succinic ester-amides are formed by (A) reacting (i) at least one substantially aliphatic polymer of at least one lower olefin, and (ii) an acidic reactant or a mixture of two or more acidic reactants represented by the general formula R-CO-CH = CH-CO-R′ wherein R and R′ are independently -OH, -O-lower alkyl, a halogen atom, or taken together are a single oxygen atom; the process being characterized in that: a) the substantially aliphatic polymer is comprised predominantly or entirely of polyisobutene, at least 50% of the polyisobutene content of such polymer having an end group represented by the formula b) the mole ratio of said acidic reactant(s) : said polymer(s) is at least 1 : 1; c) the reaction mixture is maintained under superatmospheric pressure during at least a substantial portion of the reaction period; and d) said acylating agent is characterized by having an average total tar rating as determined by the method described in the specification hereof that is at least 25% lower than the average total tar rating of a corresponding product made in the same way under the same reaction conditions using a polyisobutene containing up to 10% of the above-depicted end group; and (B) reacting such acylating agent with at least one alcohol (preferably a polyhydric alcohol) and amine (preferably a polyamine having at least one primary amino group). Combinations of succinimides, succinic esters, and succinic ester-amides formed using such acylating agents are used in combination with other additives in forming lubricant compositions.

Ashless dispersants formed form substituted acylating agents and their production and use

Sulfurized olefins such as isobutylene which are soluble in hydrotreated oils are prepared by reacting a basic, aqueous alcoholic solution of sodium sulfide with an adduct formed by adding olefin to sulfur monochloride at low temperatures until the mole ratio of olefin to sulfur monochloride is between about 1.7-1.9 to 1.

Oil soluble sulfurized olefins and two temperature zone process for their preparation

A lubricant additive which provides improved copper corrosion life to lubricants, such as gear oils, is pre­pared by reacting a sulfurized olefin with a branched chain dialkyl hydrogen phosphite and an amine at a tempera­ture of from 45° to 75°C.

David John Degonia

Papers

Ashless dispersants formed from substituted acylating agents and their production and use

Substituted acylating agents and their production

Ashless dispersants formed form substituted acylating agents and their production and use

Oil soluble sulfurized olefins and two temperature zone process for their preparation

Process for preparing sulfurized branched alkyl phosphite lubricant additive