A review of 3D/2D registration methods for image-guided interventions

Physics of Radiology

An adherent device to monitor a patient for an extended period comprises a breathable tape. The breathable tape comprises a porous material with an adhesive coating to adhere the breathable tape to a skin of the patient. At least one electrode is affixed to the breathable tape and capable of electrically coupling to a skin of the patient. A printed circuit board is connected to the breathable tape to support the printed circuit board with the breathable tape when the tape is adhered to the patient. Electronic components electrically are connected to the printed circuit board and coupled to the at least one electrode to measure physiologic signals of the patient. A breathable cover and/or an electronics housing is disposed over the circuit board and electronic components and connected to at least one of the electronics components, the printed circuit board or the breathable tape.

Adherent device with multiple physiological sensors

Method and system for predicting changes of physiological/pathological states in a patient, based on sampling, processing and analyzing a plurality of aggregated noisy biomedical signals. A reference database of raw data streams and/or features is generated by aggregating one or more raw data streams. The features are derived from the raw data streams and represents physiological/pathological states. Each feature consists of biomedical signals or a plurality of patients wherein several patients have one or more of the physiological/pathological states. The features are obtained by performing, for each type of biomedical signal, adaptive segmentation of its corresponding raw data streams, and by assigning, to each segment, individual attributes that are represented by attribute values in order to obtain data related to each physiological/pathological states. Additional data streams using these attributes are generated and this process is repeated if needed.

Adaptive prediction of changes of physiological/pathological states using processing of biomedical signals

The present invention relates to capital equipment units, such as systems for providing medical treatment, that are associated with smart supplies. The smart supplies are tagged with data carriers which may encode such information as a unique ID for the supply or component, the identification of the supply or component, the identification of the source of the supply or component, the status of whether said supply or component has been previously used, the expiration date of the supply or component, and in the case where the supply or component contains drug, the purity levels of the drug and the concentration levels of the drug. The capital equipment units or their users then utilize the information to assure quality of any procedure run with the units, by way of improved pre-use checks, certification of the supplies for use, record keeping, inventory control, and charge capture.

Smart supplies, components and capital equipment

A system and method used to assess animal behavior includes a module having sensors that collects a variety of physical and biological data from a test subject. Interpretation of the data is provided to assess the test subject's behavior, neurology, biochemistry and physiology. The module is useful in observing the effects of a drug on the test animal and providing information on the drug's signature. Another advantage is module's portability that allows it to be used in standard laboratory cages. (NOT SURE ABOUT THIS PORTABILITY) This portability allows the animal to be tested in its own habitat, that can reduce any erroneous data due to stressing the animal when removed to a test cage. Additionally, the module's design allows for parallel data collection and interpretation from several laboratory animals undergoing different experiments. Multi-dimensional modeling of the test subject based the system's interpretation of the data allows pattern recognition of the drug signature, and predictive drug analysis.

Systems and methods for monitoring behavior informatics

A system and method used to assess animal behavior includes a module having sensors that collects a variety of physical and biological data from a test subject. Interpretation of the data is provided to assess the test subject's behavior, neurology, biochemistry and physiology. The module is useful in observing the effects of a drug on the test animal and providing information on the drug's signature. Another advantage is the module's portability that allows it to be used in standard laboratory cages. This portability allows the animal to be tested in its own habitat, that can reduce any erroneous data due to stressing the animal when removed to a test cage. Additionally, the module's design allows for parallel data collection and interpretation from several laboratory animals undergoing different experiments. Multi-dimensional modeling of the test subject based the system's interpretation of the data allows pattern recognition of the drug signature, and predictive drug analysis.

Method for predicting treatment classes using behavior informatics

Recent years have seen exciting advances in Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS). CAS systems are currently in use which provide data to the surgeon, provide passive feedback and motion constraint, and even automate parts of the surgery by manipulating cutters and endoscopic cameras. 
For most of these systems, accurate registration between the patient's anatomy and the CAS system is crucial: if the position of the surgical target is not known with sufficient accuracy, therapies cannot be applied precisely, and treatment efficacy falls. 
This thesis presents a system for recovering the position and orientation of the target anatomy in 3D space based on iterative comparison of 2D planar radiographs with preoperative CT data. More specifically, this system uses X-ray images acquired at the time of treatment, and iteratively compares them with synthetic images, known as Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs), in order to estimate the position and orientation of the target anatomy. 
An intermediate data representation called a Transgraph is presented. The Transgraph is similar to the Lumigraph, or Light Field, and extends the computer graphics field called image-based rendering to transmission imaging. This representation speeds up computation of DRRs by over an order of magnitude compared to ray-casting techniques, without the use of special graphics hardware. 
A hardware based volume rendering technique is also presented. This approach is based on new texture mapping techniques which enable DRR generation using off the shelf consumer grade computer graphics hardware. These techniques permit computation of full resolution (512 x 512) DRRs based on 256 x 256 x 256 CT data in roughly 70 ms. 
The registration system is evaluated for application to frameless stereotactic radiosurgery, and phantom studies are presented demonstrating accuracy comparable to state of the art immobilization systems. Additional phantom studies are presented in which the registration system is used to measure implant orientation following total hip replacement surgery, improving on current practice by a factor of two.

Iterative x-ray/ct registration using accelerated volume rendering

This paper presents work towards a system for intra-operative registration of 3D CT data to 2D X-ray radiographs. The registration procedure involves iterative comparison of Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) with X-ray images acquired during surgery. A new data structure called a Transgraph permits rapid generation of DRRS, and greatly speeds up the registration process. The underlying data structures are described, and the registration algorithm is evaluated for application to an existing image guided radiosurgery system.

Transgraph: interactive intensity-based 2D/3D registration of X-ray and CT data

This paper describes a system for measuring acetabular implant orientation following total hip replacement surgery. After a manual initialization procedure, the position of the pelvis is established relative to a pair of nearly orthogonal radiographs by automatically registering to pre-operative pelvic CT data. The pose of the cup is then recovered by projecting a 3D surface model into the two images. A phantom study is presented in which this pose is expressed relative to well defined anatomical landmarks and compared to measurements obtained using an image-guided surgery system.

/pdf/post-operative-measurement-of-acetabular-cup-position-using-15pd630dfu.pdf

David LaRose

Papers

Systems and methods for monitoring behavior informatics

Method for predicting treatment classes using behavior informatics

Iterative x-ray/ct registration using accelerated volume rendering

Transgraph: interactive intensity-based 2D/3D registration of X-ray and CT data

Post-Operative Measurement of Acetabular Cup Position Using X-Ray/CT Registration