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Digital Video And Hdtv Algorithms And Interfaces

The multimedia revolution has made a strong impact on our society. The explosive growth of Internet access to this digital information has generated new opportunities and challenges. The ease of editing and duplicating information in the digital domain has created copyright protection concerns for content providers. Various schemes to embed secondary data in digital media have been investigated to preserve copyright and to discourage unauthorized duplication. In order to achieve the required level of protection to digital information, digital watermarking is a viable solution. This paper proposes a novel invisible watermarking scheme: a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain based watermark embedding and blind extraction algorithm for copyright protection of color images. The proposed algorithm is optimized in terms of robustness, computational load, and quality of the image. Testing of the proposed watermarking scheme’s robustness and security via different benchmarks as well as comparison with a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) approach proves its resilience to digital attacks. The results show that the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) value obtained under no attack conditions in the proposed algorithm is above 41.81 dB, which is higher than most of the existing watermark algorithms. The results from the detector’s response also show that the proposed algorithm has a better security performance than most of the existing algorithms. The architecture for hardware implementation of the proposed algorithm is also presented and the results from the architecture show a PSNR value of 44.37 dB. This verifies that the presented algorithm is more effective than existing algorithms such as image adaptive watermarking, image adaptive watermark creation, zerotree wavelet, and 9/7 biorthogonal wavelet lifting.

A new region aware invisible robust blind watermarking approach

Object recognition is of great importance for many civil and military applications and supposes the identification and classification of the object in real-time, regardless of spatial position, angular orientation, etc. In the article, the methods of central and logarithmic central image chord transformations are described. The system for invariant object recognition and space parameters determination was developed based on the proposed image chord transformation operations, which is of a multiprocessor functionally distributed architecture, in which various modules implement separate image processing operations, and allows to recognize the objects regardless of their position, scale, or rotation, and to determine the parameters for targeting The model of a data processing flow in the system was elaborated to permit the determination of the signal processing stages which can be realized in parallel. An analytical estimation and analysis of the system’s data processing time and throughput is carrying out. The approach of the system’s optimization was applied and allows to decrease the total data processing time by 24.5 times and increase the system’s throughput by 75 times.

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Target recognition based on central and logarithmic central image chord transformations

Due to the rapid grow of 3D technology, 3D video consumption over the internet is proliferated. 3D Content protection has then become an important challenging problem for many researchers. Watermarking allows resolving this problem by embedding a signature into 3D video content. However, only a few works are proposed for 3D anaglyph content protection. In this paper, a new approach of 3D video anaglyph watermarking is proposed. In fact, the anaglyph 3D technique is considered as the best used technique for creating 3D perception for both images and videos. The proposed approach is based on GOP decomposition where original video is considered as a set of Group of pictures (GOP). Each GOP will be divided in three types of images: only one reference image and several B and R images. Then, every type of images will be marked using a different algorithm based on blue, red or depth channel. This allows to benefit from advantage of every channel. Experimental results show a high level of invisibility of the proposed approach and a robustness against several attacks such as compression, noise, filtering, frame suppression, and geometric transformations.

An Efficient Group of Pictures Decomposition based Watermarking for Anaglyph 3D Video

Thanks to the rapid growth of internet and the advanced development of 3D technology, 3D images and videos are proliferated over the networks. However, this causes several insecurity problems, and protecting this type of media has become a main challenge for many researchers. 3D watermarking is considered as an efficient solution for 3D data protection. In fact, it consists in embedding a secret key into a 3D content to protect it and in trying to extract it after any attack applied on marked 3D data. Anaglyph is the most popular and economical method among different 3D visualization methods. For this reason, it has become used for many 3D applications. Hence, 3D anaglyph watermarking presents an important research area, and several techniques have been proposed in order to protect this type of media. In this survey paper, the existing anaglyph 3D images and videos watermarking techniques are discussed. This discussion shows that the anaglyph video watermarking field is still not mature and new techniques should be proposed to improve the invisibility/robustness trade-off. In addition, based on the study of anaglyph generation methods, it is concluded that signature can be embedded during the generation stage.

A Review on Anaglyph 3D Image and Video Watermarking

In recent years, 3D technology has grown significantly and over the time has become more accessible to a wider group of people, however, there is so few research that seeks to protect the intellectual property of 3D content, in specific anaglyph images, which are easier and cheaper to generate. This paper presents a method to embed a color image as an invisible watermark into a 3D anaglyph image, for the protection of intellectual property of this type of digital material; the insertion algorithm is performed in the DCT domain using the QIM-DM method in order to achieve the maximum imperceptibility of the watermark. Results demonstrate highest robustness of the algorithm to JPEG compression, impulsive noise, Gaussian noise, as well as high imperceptibility of the watermark obtaining average values of about 40dB in the PSNR between the original and marked anaglyph images.

Invisible digital color watermarking technique in anaglyph 3D images

In this work, a robust steganography framework to hide a color image into a stereo images is proposed. The embedding algorithm is performed via Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Quantization Index Modulation-Dither Modulation (QIM-DM) hiding the secret data. Additionally, the Arnold’s Cat Map Transform is applied in order to scramble the secret color image, guaranteeing better security and robustness of the proposed system. Novel framework has demonstrated better performance against JPEG compression attacks among other existing approaches. Besides, the proposed algorithm is developed taking into account the parallel paradigm in order to be implemented in multi-core CPU increasing the processing speed. The results obtained by the proposed framework show high values of PSNR and SSIM, which demonstrate imperceptibility and sufficient robustness against JPEG compression attacks.

Parallel steganography framework for hiding a color image inside stereo images

In this paper, a novel parallel color image watermarking scheme in the frequency domain for copyright protection of Multiple Picture Object (MPO) based on multithreading coding is proposed. Designed technique consists of three steps: firstly, the color watermark is codified using the Curvelet Transform (CvT), reducing quantity of information that represents the watermark; the second step represents the embedding process of a color watermark. In the embedding process, theMPO file contains two images where each image is divided in 8x8 pixels blocks applying DCT to any block. A color watermark is inserted in the medium frequency sub-bands of each DCT block, because the modifications performed in this sub-band are less perceptible by Human Visual System (HVS). Finally, during third step, the recovering process for color watermark is performed. The proposed scheme appears to demonstrate significant improvement in processing time though possible parallelization process when moving from serial programming to the use of threads in multicore CPUs. According to numerous experiments, where the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Similarity Structural Index Measure (SSIM) were used as quality criteria for watermarked MPO image and the recovered color watermark, novel method is not intrusive, since it does not degrade the quality of the watermarked MPO image. Additionally, the proposed framework is resistant to the most common image processing attacks.

Parallel color image watermarking scheme for multiple picture object based on multithreading coding

Remote sensing consists on the acquisition of a specific area information. This process serves as a base to detect and monitor objects without being in physical contact with a landscape. One of the many signal representations that can be captured through this process is the hyperspectral image. This kind of image is characterized by its large number of bands, which means that a single pixel may have hundreds of values. In order to identify the objects registered in the images, their pixels need to be classified. The classification of hyperspectral images represents a high computational cost due to their dimensions. This study aims to propose a time optimization of the classifcation process of these images. For this reason, a comparison between feature extraction methods using wavelet filters, such as Haar, Daubechies, Biorthogonal, Coiflets and Symlets, is performed in order to apply a shrinkage of the image's dimension. Furthermore, three Artificial Neural Network architectures are proposed with the objective of classify the images using the features based in the Wavelet Transform. These architectures are implemented in a parallel programming model to be executed over a Graphics Processing Unit. Additionally, a multi-thread scheme programmed to be used in a multi-core Central Process Unit variation is presented. Both implementations and a non-parallel version of the methods are compared using algorithmic computational complexity, computing time performance, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. To measure the performance of the methods, experiments using cross-validation and different number of samples to train the classifiers and are carried out.

Parallel artificial neural networks using wavelet-based features for classification of remote-sensing hyperspectral images

The copyright protection of three-dimensional (3D) content is a matter of interest in artistic and creative works due to the rights of the holder for the distribution of the material. However, although stereo images are widely used for the generation of 3D content, there is a little amount of research focused on copyright protection for this type of image. In this study, a novel invisible and blind color image watermarking framework for protecting the copyright of the stereo images based on Binocular Just Noticeable Difference (BJND) and lower-and-upper (LU) decomposition is proposed. In this framework, a color watermark is encoded to reduce the information. Then, the BJND model is calculated in the R channel of a stereo image, and finally, LU decomposition is applied into the G and B channels to embed and extract a color watermark. The BJND model has demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity comparable with the Human Visual System (HVS) in luminance changes such as the ones presented in stereo images, guaranteeing a good protection performance and a high imperceptibility. The proposed framework was compared with other state-of-the-art techniques, and it has demonstrated better performance and high resistance to attacks of JPEG compression or impulsive and Gaussian noise. Additionally, this novel framework does not affect the generation of the disparity map or the 3D content when the watermarked stereo images are used for their creation.

David Octavio Muñoz-Ramirez

Papers

Invisible digital color watermarking technique in anaglyph 3D images

Parallel steganography framework for hiding a color image inside stereo images

Parallel color image watermarking scheme for multiple picture object based on multithreading coding

Parallel artificial neural networks using wavelet-based features for classification of remote-sensing hyperspectral images

A color image watermarking framework for copyright protection of stereo images based on binocular just noticeable difference and LU decomposition