I argue that the impact of context on organizational behavior is not sufficiently recognized or appreciated by researchers. I define context as situational opportunities and constraints that affect the occurrence and meaning of organizational behavior as well as functional relationships between variables, and I propose two levels of analysis for thinking about context–one grounded in journalistic practice and the other in classic social psychology. Several means of contextualizing research are considered.

The Essential Impact of Context on Organizational Behavior

How does a state's natural resource wealth influence its economic development? For the past fifty years, versions of this question have been explored by both economists and political scientists. New research suggests that resource wealth tends to harm economic growth, yet there is little agreement on why this occurs. This article reviews a wide range of recent attempts in both economics and political science to explain the “resource curse.” It suggests that much has been learned about the economic problems of resource exporters but less is known about their political problems. The disparity between strong findings on economic matters and weak findings on political ones partly reflects the failure of political scientists to carefully test their own theories.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0043887100008200

The Political Economy of the Resource Curse

This paper examines, within a new growth theory framework, the role that foreign direct investment plays in the growth process in the context of developing countries characterized by differing trade policy regimes. The paper tests, using cross-section data relating to a sample of forty-six developing countries, the hypothesis advanced by Jagdish Bhagwati, according to which the beneficial effect of foreign direct investment, in terms of enhanced economic growth, is stronger in those countries that pursue all outwardly oriented trade policy than it is in those countries adopting an inwardly oriented policy. Copyright 1996 by Royal Economic Society.

Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in EP and is Countries

Many governments offer significant inducements to attract inward investment, motivated by the expectation of spillover benefits. This paper begins by reviewing possible sources of spillovers. It then provides a comprehensive evaluation of the empirical evidence on productivity, wages and exports spillovers in developing, developed and transitional economies. Although theory can identify a range of possible spillover channels, robust empirical support for positive spillovers is hard to find. The reasons for this are explored and the paper concludes with a review of policy aspects.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID475044_code355382.pdf?abstractid=475044&mirid=3

Much Ado About Nothing? Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Investment?

This paper uses new statistical techniques and two new databases to reassess the relationship between ,, , , , () ' −= − + + +

/pdf/does-foreign-direct-investment-accelerate-economic-growth-27mjs5uxhg.pdf

Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Economic Growth

This paper presents, within a new growth theory framework, an analysis of the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in promoting economic growth. Evidence reported suggests that an important role is exerted by both the size of the domestic market and the competitive climate in relation to local producers. In addition, evidence is reported to indicate that interactions between FDI and human capital exert an especially important influence upon growth performance.

Foreign direct investment as an engine of growth

What Does Liberalisation Do for Exports and Growth? - This paper addresses the issues of whether exports and growth are related and whether any relationship appears to be affected by liberalisation. A production function approach using time series analysis is used to investigate both issues, for a sample of some 14 countries which have undergone liberalisation episodes. The results suggest that though exports and growth are positively related, the relationship does not appear to be a robust one. Moreover, it is a relationship which appears to be significantly affected by liberalisation in only a minority of cases.

What does liberalisation do for exports and growth

(I950) [P-S] hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the net barter terms of trade (NBTT) between primary products and manufactures have, over the longrun, exhibited a downward trend.' Spraos presented a detailed and thorough analysis of both the adequacy of the various statistical series available to proxy the NBTT's behaviour over the long-run and the wide range of conceptual (including quality) problems involved in such an exercise. On the basis of his analysis, Spraos concluded that the balance of the evidence for the seventy-year period ending with the outbreak of World War II supported the P-S hypothesis of a secular deterioration in the NBTT. It should, however, be noted that the evidence also suggested that the particular series cho-sen for analysis by Prebisch (I950) himself did appear to exaggerate, possibly to a large extent, the rate of deterioration. However, when the analysis was extended to include the post World War II period, Spraos found that 'while the deteriorating tendency cannot be decisively refuted, it is open to doubt... when the record up to the I970S is taken into account' (i980, p. I26). As we shall see in this paper, closer scrutiny reveals a statistical problem with Spraos's analysis and the purpose of this paper is to show that, once appropriate action is taken to overcome this problem, some quite strong evidence in support of the P-S hypothesis emerges. The paper is organised as follows: Section I briefly discusses Spraos's methodology and Section II discusses an econometric issue arising from this analysis. Section III presents our empirical evidence, while Section IV summarises the main findings of the paper.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2233042.pdf

The statistical debate on the net barter terms of trade between primary commodities and manufactures: a comment and some additional evidence*

This chapter is concerned with the effects of trade liberalization upon economic growth. There already exists a large and growing literature on the nature of trade liberalization and its effects, stimulated by extensive programmes of trade reforms promoted in developing countries over the last two decades or so. Trade liberalization has been promoted in upwards of eighty developing countries in the 1980s and 1990s. While some of these liberalizations were unilateral, the overwhelming majority were policy conditioned under the aegis of World Bank Structural Adjustment Loans (SALs)2. A common feature of these liberalizations is that they were all undertaken on the basis of the assumption that trade liberalization will ultimately improve both exports and growth. However, the empirical evidence surrounding the effects of liberalization upon growth performance is at best mixed. On the one hand there is the exhaustive study undertaken for the World Bank by Papageorgiou, Michaely and Choksi (1991 which claims to have revealed a close positive relationship. On the other hand, evidence reported by Greenaway and Sapsford (1994, 1994a) reveals only a limited role for liberalization, while a number of studies of SALs (e.g. Harrigan and Mosley, 1991; World Bank, 1990) report evidence associating adjustment with a deterioration in growth performance.

David Sapsford

Papers

Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in EP and is Countries

Foreign direct investment as an engine of growth

What does liberalisation do for exports and growth

The statistical debate on the net barter terms of trade between primary commodities and manufactures: a comment and some additional evidence*

Trade liberalization and Growth