https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

The Science Question in Feminism

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Occupational Outlook Handbook

Women and Human Development. Martha C. Nussbaum. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000, 303 pp.

Women and Human Development.

The African continent is distinguished by a much higher fertility rate than other regions. Fertility in Africa has remained almost constant at slightly over six children per woman on average while important declines have occurred elsewhere over the past 25 years. High fertility in Africa is often attributed to poor diffusion of family planning early marriage and low female educational attainment but other cultural and economic factors are involved. The significant decline of infant mortality over the past several decades has produced growth rates never before observed. Africas very young populations may be at the origin of uncontrollable political disorder as young persons with bleak prospects fall easy prey to ethnic religious and political extremism. Demographic growth has become an additional barrier to development. High fertility is tolerated or encouraged as constituting a cultural trait but the resulting population growth is not a cultural trait. Demographic pressure has increased environmental problems in many regions. It is estimated that over ten million rural residents of the Sahel have been affected by soil degradation. The per capita availability of arable land fell from one-half to one-third hectare between 1965 and 1987. Shortages of firewood and water have become more common. The relationship between demographic growth environmental crisis and poverty in the countryside depends on other factors such as production techniques modes of access to land and water and the degree of security of land tenure. Population pressure was not the initial factor that disturbed the balance of the traditional societies but it exacerbated the effects of other forces such as the introduction of cash crops and monetarization of the economy. Rural exodus and accelerated urban migration have been prompted in large part by the higher incomes and greater availability of services of all types in the cities. Achieving control of fertility in Africa will require stabilization of rural populations territorial management and reduction of disparities between rural and urban areas.

An end to poverty

Preamble Social work practice promotes human well-being by strengthening opportunities, resources, and capacities of people in their environments and by creating policies and services to correct conditions that limit human rights and the quality of life. The social work profession works to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and oppression. Guided by a person-in-environment perspective and respect for human diversity, the profession works to effect social and economic justice worldwide. Social work education combines scientific inquiry with the teaching of professional skills to provide effective and ethical social work services. Social work educators reflect their identification with the profession through their teaching, scholarship, and service. Social work education, from baccalaureate to doctoral levels, employs educational, practice, scholarly, interprofessional, and service delivery models to orient and shape the profession's future in the context of expanding knowledge, changing technologies, and complex human and social concerns. The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) promotes academic excellence in baccalaureate and master's social work education. The EPAS specifies the curricular content and educational context to prepare students for professional social work practice. The EPAS sets forth basic requirements for these purposes. Beyond these basic requirements of EPAS, individual programs focus on areas relevant to their institutional and program mission, goals, and objectives. The EPAS permits programs to use time-tested and new models of program design, implementation , and evaluation. It does so by balancing requirements that promote comparability across programs with a level of flexibility that encourages programs to respond to changing human, professional , and institutional needs. The EPAS focuses on assessing the results of a program's development and its continuous improvement. While accreditation is ultimately evaluative, in social work education it is based on a consultative and collaborative process that determines whether a program meets the requirements of the EPAS.

Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards

Most chapters end with "Conclusion," "Discussion Questions," and "Notes." Preface. I. AMERICAN SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY. 1. Social Policy and the American Welfare State. Definitions of Social Welfare Policy. Social Problems and Social Welfare Policy. Social Work and Social Policy. Values, Ideology, and Social Welfare Policy. The Political Economy of American Social Welfare. The U.S. Economic Continuum. The U.S. Political Continuum. The Welfare Philosophers and the Neoconservative Think Tanks. 2. Social Welfare Policy Research: A Framework for Policy Analysis. A Proposed Model for Policy Analysis. Researching and Analyzing Social Policies. 3. Technology and Social Policy. The Digital Divide. Political Advocacy and the Internet. Social Policy Research and the Internet. 4. Discrimination in American Society. Discrimination. Racism. Discrimination Against African Americans. Hispanic Americans. Native Americans. Asian Americans. Immigrants and Immigration. Women and Society. Gays and Lesbians: Two Populations at Risk. Ageism. People with Disabilities. Legal Attempts to Remedy Discrimination. 5. Poverty in America. Some Theoretical Formulations About Poverty. Who Make Up the Poor? Measuring Poverty. Families and Poverty. The Urban and Rural Poor. Work and Poverty. Strategies Developed to Combat Poverty. II. THE VOLUNTARY AND FOR-PROFIT SOCIAL SECTORS. 6. The Voluntary Sector Today. Structural Interests Within Social Welfare. The Forgotten Sector. Advancing Social Justice. Contemporary Nonprofit Human Service Organizations. The Future of the Voluntary Sector. 7. Privatization and Human Service Corporations. Concepts About Privatization. Issues in the Privatization of Health and Human Services. The Challenge of Privatization. Unions and the Private Sector. Corporate Welfare. History of the Corporate Sector. Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Influence on Social Welfare Policy. The Future of Corporate Involvement in Social Welfare. Human Service Corporations. Consolidation and Growth in Human Service Markets. III. THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR. 8. The Making of Governmental Policy. Technical Aspects of the Policy Process. A Critical Analysis of the Policy Process. The Policy Process. Nondecision Making. Social Workers and Social Reform. Social Work and Advocacy Organizations. Political Practice. 9. Tax Policy and Income Distribution. History of U.S. Tax Policy. Tax Policy and Special Interests. Federal Tax Policy. State Tax Policy and the Poor. The Efficiency of Tax Policy in Reducing Poverty. Tax Expenditures as Poverty Policy. The Antitax Movement. 10. Social Insurance Programs. Definition of Social Insurance. The Background of Social Insurance. The Financial Organization of Social Insurance. Key Social Insurance Programs. The Social Security Dilemma. 11. Public Assistance Programs. Some Assumptions that Underlie Public Assistance. Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Supplemental Security Income. General Assistance. Issues in Welfare Reform. 12. The American Health Care System. The Organization of Medical Services. Major Public Health Care Programs: Medicare, Medicaid, and S-Chip. The Health Care Crisis. Explaining the High Cost of U.S. Health Care. Cutting Health Care Costs. AIDS and Health Care. Reforming U.S. Health Care Comparative Analysis: Health Care In Canada and Britain. 13. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Policy. Mental Health Reform. The Community Mental Health Centers Act. Deinstitutionalization. The Revolving Door. CMHCS Under Siege. Preventive Commitment. Mental Health Service Delivery. Parity for Mental Health Care. Substance Abuse. Private Practice and Mental Health Services. 14. Criminal Justice. History of U.S. Criminal Justice. The Criminal Justice System. Juvenile Justice. The War on Drugs. The Underclass and "Moral Poverty." Legalization of Drugs. The "New Penology." 15. Child Welfare Policy. History of Child Welfare Policy. Protective Services for Children. Foster Care for Children. Adoption. Head Start. Emerging Issues in Child Welfare. The Future of Child Welfare. 16. Housing Policies. Overview of Housing Legislation. The Federal Government and Low-Income Housing Programs. Issues in Housing Policy. Homelessness. Housing Reform. 17. The Politics of Food Policy and Rural Life. Hunger In the United States. Governmental Food Programs. Farming in the United States. Farmworkers. Governmental Farm Policies. IV. THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE IN PERSPECTIVE. 18. The American Welfare State in International Perspective. Typologies of Welfare States. American Exceptionalism. The Welfare State in Transition. Ranking National Development. Capability Poverty. International Aid. Global Capital. The Future. Glossary. Index.

American Social Welfare Policy: A Pluralist Approach

The recent surge in reports of child abuse has led Costin, Karger, and Stoesz to examine whether our current responses to the problem are adequate. In this book they trace the cultural, social, and legal factors that have shaped the history of child abuse and responses to it since the 1870s. The public response to child abuse is detailed, from the creation of the first Societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Children in the late 19th century, to the relative consignment of child abuse cases to the courts in the early to mid 20th century, and finally to the clinical, individual-level approaches introduced in the 1960s and still practised today.

The politics of child abuse in America

Using a modified labor market analysis, this article examines the impact of the growth of social work programs on educational standards, the human services labor market, and the salary structure of social work graduates. The authors suggest that a perceived surplus of social work education programs has been detrimental to the income potential of entry-level social workers, to the quality of social work education, and to the competence of the graduates of social work education programs.

The Growth of Social Work Education Programs, 1985-1999: Its Impact on Economic and Educational Factors Related to the Profession of Social Work.

Accreditation under the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) has contributed to the professional decline of social work. The lack of scholarship of the Board of Directors of CSWE compromises its decision making. The quality of the professional literature suffers from the weak scholarship of editors and referees. The caliber of deans and directors of social work educational programs is low with respect to their scholarship as well. Graduate students are ill-prepared to commence studies in social work. The substitution of ideology for academic rigor makes social work education vulnerable to its critics. Proposed revisions in Accreditation Standards indicate that CSWE is unlikely to undertake the necessary steps to reform social work education; therefore, schools of social work should be free to obtain accreditation independent of CSWE.

David Stoesz

Papers

Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards

American Social Welfare Policy: A Pluralist Approach

The politics of child abuse in America

The Growth of Social Work Education Programs, 1985-1999: Its Impact on Economic and Educational Factors Related to the Profession of Social Work.

Reinventing social work accreditation