Acknowledgements Table of cases Table of treaties Introduction 1. Francisco de Vitoria and the colonial origins of international law (i) Introduction (ii) Vitoria and the problem of universal law (iii) War, sovereignty and the transformation of the Indian (iv) Conclusion 2. Finding the peripheries: colonialism in nineteenth-century international law (i) Introduction (ii) Elements of positivist jurisprudence (iii) Defining and excluding the uncivilized (iv) Native personality and managing the colonial encounter (v) Reconceptualizing sovereignty 3. Colonialism and the birth of international institutions: the mandate of the League of Nations (i) Introduction (ii) Creation of the mandate system (iii) The league of nations and the new international law (iv) The mandate system and colonial problems (v) The mandate system and the construction of the non-European state (vi) Government, sovereignty, and economy (vii) The mandate and the discussion of sovereignty (viii) The legacies of the mandate system: toward the present (ix) Conclusion 4. Sovereignty and the post-colonial state (i) Introduction (ii) Decolonization and the universality of international law (iii) Development, nationalism and the post-colonial state (iv) Development and the reform of international law (v) Permanent sovereignty over natural resource and the new international economic order (vi) The 1962 resolution on PSNR (vii) The 1974 charter of rights and duties among states (viii) Colonialism and the emergence of transnational law (ix) Sources of law and international contracts (x) Overview and conclusions 5. Governance and globalization, civilization and commerce (i) Introduction (ii) Good governance and the third world (iii) Governance, human rights and the universal (iv) International financial institutions, human rights and good governance (v) International financial institutions and the mandate system (vi) Conclusions and overview 6. On making war on the terrorists: imperialism as self-defense (i) Introduction (ii) The war against terrorism (WAT) (iii) The United States and imperial democracy (iv) Historical origins: war, conquest and self-defense (v) Terrorism and the United Nations: a Victorian moment (vi) Terrorism, self-defense and third world sovereignty Conclusion.

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Imperialism, sovereignty, and the making of international law

Oxford Dictionary of National BiographyEditors: MatthewColin and others 60 vols Price £7500: online personal subscription £295 per annum [www.oxforddnb.com] Oxford: Oxford University Press

This review paper argues that the institutions and sites of professionalization projects and regulatory processes matter. The institutions and locations where regulation takes place affect both the outcome of the regulatory process and the legitimacy of the rules and practices produced. Changes in regulatory processes affect opportunities for democratic control and legitimacy. A common position in the accounting literature is to examine both the process of professionalization and accounting and audit regulation within and around professional associations and related organizations, such as standard setting bodies and regulatory agencies. We argue that professional firms are increasingly important in professionalization and regulatory processes and have not received the attention that they warrant: an examination of the multi-national professional service firms (currently known as the Big 4) can enhance an understanding of professionalization and professional regulation. We suggest that these are important sites where accounting practices are themselves standardized and regulated, where accounting rules and standards are translated into practice, where professional identities are mediated, formed and transformed, and where important conceptions of personal, professional and corporate governance and management are transmitted.

Accounting, professions and regulation: Locating the sites of professionalization

With an eye toward the architecture, art, literature and technology of urban life one of America's observers of society gives us an incisive study of the search for shelter and the fear of exposure to strangers and new experience in Western culture - and how these two concerns have shaped the physical fabric of the city. The author examines the development of urban society and structure from the ancient world to the present. His discussion takes the reader from the assembly hall of Athens to the Palladium Club, from Augustine's \"City of Gold\" to the Turkish baths of the lower east side, from 18th century English gardens to the housing projects of east Harlem and from Nietzsche's \"Birth of Tragedy\" to subway graffiti. By the author of \"The Hidden Injuries of Class\", \"The Fall of Public Man\" and \"Authority\".

The Conscience of the Eye: The Design and Social Life of Cities@@@Plato's Invisible Cities: Discourse and Power in the Republic

The impact of freedom of contract in the 19th century extended far beyond the legal arena as an economic slogan and an ethical attitude. Atiyah traces the development and subsequent decline of the freedom of contract, depicting its effects on the law's development and the foundation of contractual obligations, as well as its broader implications for 19th century English life.

The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract

Examines the ongoing efforts of lawyers and allied professionals to construct, police and redefine their boundaries. Focusing on the newly emerging large multinationals, it explores the relationship between professions, the economy and the state.

Professional competition and professional power : lawyers, accountants and the social construction of markets.

Legal theory, the common law mind and the making of the textbook tradition.

Legality, ideology, and the state

(1996). Bourgeois collectivism, professional power and the boundaries of the State. The private and public life of the Law Society, 1825 to 1914. International Journal of the Legal Profession: Vol. 3, The Solicitors' in Transition, pp. 81-135.

David Sugarman

Papers

Professional competition and professional power : lawyers, accountants and the social construction of markets.

Legal theory, the common law mind and the making of the textbook tradition.

Legality, ideology, and the state

Bourgeois collectivism, professional power and the boundaries of the state : the private and public life of the Law Society, 1825-1914.

Professional Competition and Professional Power