The presence and species diversity of staphylococci in 250 ground beef and lamb meat samples obtained from Diyarbakir, Turkey were investigated. The presence of the 16S rRNA gene, mecA, nuc, pvl, and femA was analyzed by multiplex PCR. Pheno- and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of 208 staphylococci isolates were established. Of the ground beef and ground lamb samples, 86.4% and 62.4% were positive for staphylococci, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus, S. hominis, S. lentus, S. pasteuri, S. warneri, S. intermedius, and S. vitulinus made up 40.8%, 28.8%, 11%, 3.8%, 3.8%, 2.4%, 2.4%, and 2.4% of isolates, respectively. Of the 85 S. aureus isolates, 40%, 47%, and 5.8% carried femA, mecA, and pvl, respectively, whereas the corresponding rates for the 118 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were 0%, 10.1%, and 0%, respectively. We determined from the 208 isolates, the highest antibiotic resistances were to tetracycline and oxytetracycline (85.5%), followed by penicillin (51.4%), novobiocin (45.6%), ampicillin (39.9%), and doxycycline (31.7%), using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Inst. (CLSI) method. All isolates were sensitive to gentamycin, ofloxacin, and tobramycin, but 2.3% of the S. aureus isolates had resistance to vancomycin. The staphylococci isolates carried tet(K), blaZ, tet(L), tet(W), cat, tet(S), tet(M), ermB, ermA, and ermC antibiotic resistance genes at rates of 59%, 51.7%, 36.9%, 31.8%, 27.2%, 27.2%, 24.4%, 18.1%, 7.9%, and 3.9%, respectively.

Species Diversity and Pheno- and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Staphylococci Isolated from Retail Ground Meats.

A novel switched-capacitor and fuzzy logic-based quadratic boost converter with mitigated voltage stress, applicable for DC micro-grid

In this paper, a couple inductor‐based dc‐dc boost converter with extensible capability is presented. In the proposed converter, attaching extensions to input section alleviates input current ripple. Furthermore, the current sharing performance between different phases operates beneficially by expanding optimized boost converters, especially when a partial inequality exists among different switches' duty cycles and leakage inductances. The voltage conversion ratio of the proposed converter is also additionally optimized by a series of VMR's output capacitors. Meanwhile, not only the voltage stress upon the main switches is decreased but also the all switches are managed to be turned on with zero current switching technique. The voltage spikes across MOSFETs are eliminated by using the recycling energy of leakage inductances on the clamp capacitor. The topology of the proposed converter, steady‐state analysis, and design procedure is presented to indicate the merits of the suggested converter. A prototype circuit with a three‐phase interleaved boost converter, two number of diode‐capacitor in each VMR, and output power 660 W and 40–800 V conversion ratio is experimented to corroborate the validity of the presented structure.

Modular DC‐DC converter with reduced current ripple and low voltage stress suitable for high voltage applications

This paper presents a comparison of Isolated (Flyback) and non-Isolated (Buck) multiple input-single output (MISO) DC-DC converters. The analysis of DC-DC converters is based on pulsed voltage source cells (PVSC). The modeling of both converter types is detailed through their mathematical models and electrical simulations using Matlab/Simulink and PSIM. The comparison focuses on the sizing parameters, non-ideal output characteristics and efficiency. Results show that the output voltage of the MISO Buck converter exhibits a linear dependence on the duty cycles control signal and has slightly higher efficiency than the Flyback converter. To validate the operation of both converters, a scenario with two inputs (low-power hydroelectric and photovoltaic voltage sources) is considered. The modeling and control of both source systems are detailed and the MISO converter performance response is evaluated under sources changes and efficiency point of view.

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Multiple Input-Single Output DC-DC Converters Assessment for Low Power Renewable Sources Integration

A Novel Metaheuristic-Based Robust Unified Control Mppt Algorithm for Grid-Connected Pv System

In this study, a switched capacitor (SC)‐based single‐switch DC–DC boost converter structure operating under the high voltage gain and the low duty ratio is proposed using the PI control technique. High current and voltage stresses across the power switches and power diodes can be reduced by using the projected SC block. In addition, the proposed converter can achieve high voltage gain through shorter duty cycles, which directly reduces the voltage stress and dynamic losses in the power semiconductors. On the other hand, because the proposed converter includes a single power switch under different output powers and different loads, the control process is simpler than multiswitch structures. With the proposed converter, an output voltage of 10 times greater rather than the input voltage is obtained at 0.57 of the duty cycle. In this study, the fundamental functions of the proposed converter and the controller design steps are analyzed mathematically and tested in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the proposed topology works with a high performance at high frequency and variable load ranges. To validate the proposed converter and theoretical calculations, a 200‐W prototype was established under a continuous conduction mode (CCM) working state, with 48‐VDC input voltage and 400‐VDC output voltage. Finally, the simulation results were tested and verified through the experimental results.

A design for switched capacitor and single‐switch DC–DC boost converter by a small signal‐based PI controller

Kan Kültürlerinden İzole Edilen MRSA Suşlarının Vankomisin MİK Değerlerinin Beş Yıllık Bir Dönemde Değerlendirilmesi

Transformer-Less Single-Stage and Single-Switched PI-Controlled AC-DC Converter Design for Automotive Applications

Ozet Acinetobacter turleri son yillarda hastanemiz yogun bakim hastalarinda en sik rastlanan etkenlerdendir. Acinetobacter turlerinin neden oldugu infeksiyonlarin kisitli tedavi secenekleri arasinda karbapenemler on sirada yer almaktadir. Bu calismada Acinetobacter baumannii suslarina karsi doripenem, imipenem ve meropenemin in vitro aktivitesinin degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Akdeniz Universitesi Merkez Laboratuvari'na 01 Ocak-31 Aralik 2009 tarihleri arasinda yogun bakimlardan gelen cesitli klinik orneklerden izole edilen toplam 94 Acinetobacter baumannii susu calismaya alinmistir. Izolatlar konvansiyonel yontemler ve otomatize sistem (Phoenix, Becton Dickinson, ABD) ile tanimlanmis, imipenem, meropenem ve doripenem duyarliliklari E-test yontemi ile calisilmis, Acinetobacter baumannii suslarinda imipenem, meropenem ve doripenem duyarlilik oranlari sirasiyla %22.3, %17.0, %12.8 bulunmustur. Calismamizin sonuclarina gore Acinetobacter baumannii suslarinin doripenem MIK 50 /MIK 90 degerlerinin imipenem ve meropeneme benzer oldugu saptanmistir. Anahtar kelimeler: Acinetobacter baumannii ; doripenem; imipenem; meropenem Abstract In the last few years Acinetobacter spp. are among the most common bacterial pathogens in the patients of our hospital intensive care unit. Carbapenems take an important role among the limited treatment options of infections caused by Acinetobacter species. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activities of doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem against clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Between 01 January-31 December 2009, a total of 94 Acinetobacter spp. strains from Intensive Care Units to Akdeniz University Microbiology laboratory isolated from different clinical specimens were included in the study. Species are identified by conventional assays and BD Phoenix automated system (Becton Dickinson, USA) and susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, doripenem was studied by E-test. Imipenem, meropenem, doripenem susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were found to be 22.3%, 17.0%, 12.8%, respectively. As a result of our study, doripenem MIK 50 /MIK 90 values of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates are similar with of imipenem and meropenem.

Nozokomiyal Acinetobacter baumannii suşlarinin imipenem, meropenem ve doripenem duyarliliklari Antibiotic susceptibility of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii isolates to imipenem, meropenem and doripenem

Davut Ertekin

Papers

A design for switched capacitor and single‐switch DC–DC boost converter by a small signal‐based PI controller

A novel switched-capacitor and fuzzy logic-based quadratic boost converter with mitigated voltage stress, applicable for DC micro-grid

Kan Kültürlerinden İzole Edilen MRSA Suşlarının Vankomisin MİK Değerlerinin Beş Yıllık Bir Dönemde Değerlendirilmesi

Transformer-Less Single-Stage and Single-Switched PI-Controlled AC-DC Converter Design for Automotive Applications

Nozokomiyal Acinetobacter baumannii suşlarinin imipenem, meropenem ve doripenem duyarliliklari Antibiotic susceptibility of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii isolates to imipenem, meropenem and doripenem