Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982.

This 1966 paperback edition of a publication which first appeared in 1963 has by now been widely reviewed as a worthy contribution to the sociological study of deviant behavior. Its current appearance as a paperback is a testimonial both to the quality of the work and to the prominence of deviant behavior in this generation. In general the author places deviance in perspective, identifies types of deviant behavior, considers the role of rule makers and enforcers, and some of the problems in studying deviance. In addition, he develops a sequential model of deviance relying on the concept of career, a concept originally developed in studies of occupations. In his study of a particular kind of deviance, the use of marihuana, the author posits and tests systematically an hypothesis about the genesis of marihuana use for pleasure. The hypothesis traces the sequence of changes in individual attitude

Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance.

The role of peer delinquency and unstructured socializing in explaining delinquency and substance use: A state-of-the-art review

Despite numerous studies on skill development,we know little about the causal effects of music training on cognitive and non-cognitive skills. This study examines how long-term music training during childhood and youth affects the development of cognitive skills, school grades, personality, time use and ambition using representative data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Our findings suggest that adolescents with music training have better cognitive skills and school grades and are more conscientious, open and ambitious. These effects do not differ by socio-economic status. Music improves cognitive and non-cognitive skills more than twice as much as sports, theater or dance. In order to address the non-random selection into music training, we take into account detailed information on parents, which may determine both the decision to pursue music lessons and educational outcomes: socio-economic background, personality, involvement with the child’s school, and taste for the arts. In addition, we control for the predicted probability to give up music before age 17 as well as the adolescent’s secondary school type. We provide evidence that our results are robust to both reverse causality and the existence of partly treated individuals in the control group.

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How Learning a Musical Instrument Affects the Development of Skills

https://diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.429221.de/diw_sp0591.pdf

SFB 882 Working Papers are refereed scholarly papers. Submissions are reviewed by peers in a two-stage SFB 882 internal and external refereeing process before a final decision on publication is made. The Working Paper Series is a forum for presenting works in progress. Readers should communicate comments on the manuscript directly to the author(s). Whether fat or thin, male or female, young or old – people are different. Alongside their physical features, they also differ in terms of nationality and ethnicity; in their cultural preferences, lifestyles, attitudes, orientations, and philosophies; in their competencies, qualifications, and traits; and in their professions. But how do such heterogeneities lead to social inequalities? What are the social mechanisms that underlie this process? These are the questions pursued by the DFG Research Center (Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB)) " From Heterogeneities to Inequalities " at Bielefeld University, which was approved by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as " SFB 882 " on May 25, 2011. In the social sciences, research on inequality is dispersed across different research fields such as education, the labor market, equality, migration, health, or gender. One goal of the SFB is to integrate these fields, searching for common mechanisms in the emergence of inequality that can be compiled into a typology. More than fifty senior and junior researchers and the Bielefeld University Library are involved in the SFB. Along with sociologists, it brings together scholars from the Bielefeld University faculties of Business Administration and Economics, Educational Science, Health Science, and Law, as well as from the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) in Berlin and the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. In addition to carrying out research, the SFB is concerned to nurture new academic talent, and therefore provides doctoral training in its own integrated Research Training Group. A data infrastructure project has also been launched to archive, prepare, and disseminate the data gathered. The life-course approach can be used to study the emergence of deviant and delinquent behavior longitudinally from both psychological and sociological perspectives. This project focuses on the relationship between the development of these behaviors and the consolidation of social inequalities and social exclusion. The goal is to identify not only factors that facilitate processes of "dropout" from deviance and delinquency and promote "entry" into normal biographical life courses, but also factors that facilitate a long-term persistence of deviance and delinquency. The research project will apply a cohort sequence design that makes it …

The Development of Deviant and Delinquent Behavior over the Life Course in the Context of Processes of Social Inequalities

This article focuses on the relationship between crime and social disadvantages by applying Situational Action Theory (Wikstrom 2006, 2009; Wikstrom et al., 2012) to explain the delinquent behaviour of adolescents. According to Situational Action Theory, criminal acts are the result of a perception-choice process that is guided by the interaction of a person’s crime propensity and the criminogenic conditions of the environment. Social disadvantages are not causes of criminal behaviour but rather causes of the causes. Social disadvantages affect the emergence of crime propensity and criminogenic exposure of individuals. This relationship between crime and disadvantages in the context of Situational Action Theory will be empirically tested by applying structural equation modelling and testing for indirect effects of several structural heterogeneities. The results show that the relationship between heterogeneity features and delinquency for the most part is mediated by the theoretical assumptions of SAT.

Causes of the causes of juvenile delinquency: Social disadvantages in the context of Situational Action Theory:

Situational Action Theory includes a series of propositions on the interaction between the moral filter and internal and external controls. These reflections are condensed into the principle of the conditional relevance of controls and the principle of moral correspondence. In this study, the interplay of controls and moral forces is tested within the framework of structural equation modelling. Survey data from two cohorts of students in the German cities of Dortmund (North-Rhine Westphalia) and Nuremberg (Bavaria) serve as the empirical base. By using multiple group comparisons, the influences of self-control and deterrence on self-reported delinquency are examined simultaneously for four different subgroups of respondents formed on the basis of their levels of crime propensity and criminogenic exposure. The analyses provide support for a conditional relevance of controls, but produce only mixed evidence for the principle of moral correspondence. Controls are more important when the moral filter is weak, but fail to lose their explanatory power among adolescents characterized by both high propensity and strong exposure. Our findings furthermore suggest that self-control appears to matter particularly when the moral context encourages crime and deterrence seems to be influential especially when personal morality encourages crime.

Conditional relevance of controls: A simultaneous test of the influences of self-control and deterrence on criminal behaviour in the context of Situational Action Theory:

This Working Paper focusses on the relationship of crime and social inequalities by applying Situational Action Theory (Wikstrom 2006, 2009, Wikstrom et al. 2012) for the explanation of delinquent behavior of adolescents. Situational Action Theory combines individual and contextual constructs into an integrative explanatory framework. In its basic assumptions, Situational Action Theory states that deviant and delinquent behavior is controlled by moral values. The probability of a criminal act to be committed depends on the criminal tendency (propensity) of a person and their exposure to criminogenic conditions (exposure). Criminal acts are the result of a perception-choice-process, which can be explained by the interaction of a person‟s criminal propensity and the criminogenic conditions of the environment. Social inequalities are rather causes of criminal behavior but causes of the causes. Social inequalities affect the emergence of criminal propensity and criminal exposure of individuals. This relationship of crime and social inequalities in context of Situational Action Theory will be empirically tested by applying structural equation modeling and testing for indirect effects of several heterogeneity features.

Social inequalities as causes of the causes of juvenile delinquency: heterogeneities in the context of situational action theory

/pdf/entstehung-und-entwicklung-von-kinder-und-jugenddelinquenz-2acvj1vhik.pdf

Debbie Schepers

Papers

The Development of Deviant and Delinquent Behavior over the Life Course in the Context of Processes of Social Inequalities

Causes of the causes of juvenile delinquency: Social disadvantages in the context of Situational Action Theory:

Conditional relevance of controls: A simultaneous test of the influences of self-control and deterrence on criminal behaviour in the context of Situational Action Theory:

Social inequalities as causes of the causes of juvenile delinquency: heterogeneities in the context of situational action theory

Entstehung und Entwicklung von Kinder- und Jugenddelinquenz: erste Ergebnisse einer Längsschnittstudie