Methods to improve patient’s compliance have always attracted scientists towards the development of fancy oral drug delivery systems. Among them, mouth dissolving drug delivery systems (MDDDS) have acquired an important position in the market by overcoming previously encountered administration problems and contributing to extension of patent life. MDDDS have the unique property of rapidly disintegrating and/or dissolving and releasing the drug as soon as they come in contact with saliva, thus obviating the requirement of water during administration. Therefore, these dosage forms have lured the market for a certain section of the patient population which include dysphagic, bed ridden, psychic, geriatric and paediatric patients. Several techniques have been developed in the recent past, to improve the disintegration quality of these delicate dosage forms without affecting their integrity. This article focuses on the technologies available and the advances made so far in the field of fabrication of mouth dissolving tablets. Apart from the conventional methods of fabrication, this review also provides the detailed concept of some unique patented technologies like Zydis, Lyoc, Quicksolv, Orasolv, Durasolv, Flashtab, Oraquick, Wowtab and Ziplet alongwith their advantages and limitations.

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Mouth Dissolving Tablets I: An Overview of Formulation Technology

Conventional dosage forms like tablets and capsules are now days facing the problems like dysphagia, resulting in the high incidence of non compliance and making the therapy ineffective. To obviate the problems associated with conventional dosage forms, mouth dissolving tablets have been developed having good hardness, dose uniformity, easy administration and serves as the first choice of dosage form for paediatrics, geriatrics and travelling patients. The MDTs were developed with an aim of having sufficient hardness, integrity and faster disintegration without water. Fast dissolving Tablets are disintegrating and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity, and are more appropriately termed fast-disintegrating tablets, as they may take up to a minute to completely disintegrate. This tablet format is designed to allow administration of an oral solid dose form in the absence of water or fluid intake. Such tablets readily dissolve or disintegrate in the saliva generally within <60 seconds. Keywords: Mouth dissolving tablet, Disintegration, Patented technologies, Marketed MDTs

Mouth dissolving tablets: a review

Oral delivery is currently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. Formulation of a convenient dosage form for oral administration, by considering swallowing difficulty especially in case of geriatric and pediatric patient leads to poor patient compliance. To troubleshoot such problems a new dosage form known as orally disintegrating tablet (ODT), has been developed which rapidly disintegrate & dissolve in saliva and then easily swallowed without need of water which is a major benefit over conventional dosage form. In addition, patients suffering from dysphasia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer such preparation because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in such type of dosage form. The popularity and usefulness of the formulation resulted in development of several ODT technologies for preparation. The current article is focused on ideal characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, formulation aspects, formulation technologies, evaluation of products and future potential. Various marketed preparations along with numerous scientific advancements made so far in this avenue have also been discussed.

Orally disintegrating tablets : formulation, preparation techniques and evaluation.

In recent decades, a variety of pharmaceutical research has been conducted to develop new dosage forms. Among the dosage forms developed to facilitate ease of medication, the rapid disintegrating tablet (RDT) is one of the most widely employed commercial products. As our society is becoming increasingly aged, the development of Fast- or mouth dissolving tablets have been formulated for pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and traveling and may not have access to water. Such formulations provide an opportunity for product line extension in the many elderly persons will have difficulties in taking conventional oral dosage forms (viz., solutions, suspensions, tablets, and capsules) because of hand tremors and dysphagia. Swallowing problems also are common in young individuals because of their underdeveloped muscular and nervous systems. Other groups that may experience problems using conventional oral dosage forms include the mentally ill, the developmentally disabled, and patients who are uncooperative, on reduced liquid-intake plans, or are nauseated. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. This paper summarizes the formulation methods and drug formulation coming in market

Recent Trends of Fast Dissolving Tablet - An Overview of Formulation Technology

The oral route is most popular route for the administration of therapeutic agents because of the low cost of therapy and ease of administration lead to high levels of patient compliance. The most popular oral solid dosage forms are tablets and capsules. Many patients find it difficult to swallow tablets and hard gelatin capsules particularly pediatric and geriatric patients and do not take their medicines as prescribed. Difficulty in swallowing or dysphasia is seen to afflict nearly 35% of the general population. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episode of allergic attack or coughing, fear of choking and an unavailability of water, the swallowing of tablet or capsules may become difficult. To overcome these difficulties, several fast-dissolving drug delivery systems have been developed. Oral fast dissolving film is relatively a new dosage form in which thin film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers, which rapidly dissolves on tongue or buccal cavity. The film overcomes the danger/fear of choking. An ideal film should have the properties like pleasant taste, high stability, ease of handling and administration, no water necessary for application.

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Fast Dissolving Oral Films: An Innovative Drug Delivery System

Fast dissolving Tablets are disintegrating and/or d issolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. Others contai n agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity, and are more app ropriately termed fast-disintegrating tablets, as they may take up to a minute to completely disinteg rate. Oral delivery is currently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. This tablet format is designed to allow administration of an or al solid dose form in the absence of water or fluid intake. Such tablets readily dissolve or disi ntegrate in the saliva generally within <60 seconds. Fast- or mouth dissolving tablets have bee n formulated for pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and traveling and may not have access to water. Such formulations provide an opportunity for product line extension in the Many elderly persons will have difficulties in taking convention al oral dosage forms (viz., solutions, suspensions, tablets, and capsules) because of hand tremors and dysphagia. Swallowing problems also are common in young individuals because of their underdeveloped muscular and nervous systems. Other groups that may experience problems using conventional oral dosage forms include the mentally ill, the developmentally disabled, and patients who are uncooperative, on reduced liquid-intake plans, or are nauseated. I n some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an una vailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult.

Debjit Bhowmik

Papers

Fast Dissolving Tablet: An Overview