A method for making a multilayer golf ball including a solid center having a center hardness, a plurality of laminates cut into a plurality of shapes formed around the center to create an inner ball, and a cover formed around the inner ball, wherein the plurality of layers can include at least a first layer having a hardness greater than the center hardness and a second layer having a hardness greater than the first layer hardness, and optionally a third layer disposed between the first and the second layers having a hardness greater than the first layer hardness.

Method of making a golf ball with a multi-layer core

A multilayer film for coating an exterior of a scintillation detector bar includes a pressure sensitive adherent layer containing a percentage of a light-diffusing material therein for affixing to an external surface of the bar. A clear plastic layer separates the adherent layer from a specularly reflecting layer. A protective layer is disposed atop the specularly reflecting layer. The light-diffusing material and the specularly reflecting layer cooperate to retain light within the bar, direct light in random directions within the bar and block optical crosstalk between adjacent bars. A preform consisting of a single piece of film may be used for covering five sides of the bar.

Reflective coating for solid-state scintillator bar

In a radiation detector, scintillation material flouoresces and the produced light is converted to electrical energy in an adjacent converter, separators are provided in spaces between the adjacent scintillators and converters. The separators may have a greater length than the adjacent scintillators, so that they will extend beyond to reduce cross-talk. The separators can extend toward the source of radiation for a height substantially greater than, and particularly five times, the height of the spaces between the adjacent scintillators to prevent X-ray scattering and function as a collimator. Optically opaque adhesive may be provided on the opposite ends of separators and pairs of scintillators and collimators, to prevent cross-talk.

Multi-element radiation detector

An integrated radiation detecting and collimating assembly for an x-ray tomography scanning system. The assembly includes a housing which mounts to a spine of the system and aligns corresponding arrays of photodiodes, scintillator crystals and anti-scatter plates with one another and with x-ray beams arriving directly at the detectors from the focal spot. The arrays of photodiodes, crystals and anti-scatter plates are thus all fixed relative to one another within the housing, which is itself securely fixed to the frame of the scanner system.

Integrated radiation detecting and collimating assembly for x-ray tomography system

The present invention, in one form, is a scatter collimator for a computed tomography system including an x-ray source. The scatter collimator is positioned between a detector array and an object to be imaged. The scatter collimator includes a housing, a plurality of attenuating blades and a plurality of attenuating wires. The blades and wires are mounted to the housing, and oriented substantially perpendicular to each other. Particularly, the blades and wires form a two-dimensional shielding grid. The blades also are oriented so that they are radially and focally aligned with the x-ray source. A detector element of the detector array is secured to the housing so that the blades and wires are between the detector element and the x-ray source. The detector element, in one form, includes a scintillation element which is coated with a light-retaining material.

Collimator and detector for computed tomography systems

A modular solid state x-radiation detector. A detector array is made up of a plurality of collimator plates having pockets formed in the planar surfaces thereof to carry scintillator bars, and dimensioned so that the edges of the scintillators are shielded by the pockets, yielding several advantages. Wider scintillator bars are thus possible, increasing quantum detection efficiency while guarding against energy dependent punch through at the edges of the scintillator, thereby to enhance spectral linearity. The arrangement also prevents x-rays from bypassing the scintillator, thus protecting the adhesive which bonds the scintillator to the plate and the photodiodes mounted behind the scintillator. A further benefit is an increase in optical transfer of light to the rear of the scintillator where the diode is mounted since there is a less severe aspect ratio of depth to width, reducing the number of reflections encountered by light travelling to the photodiode. The collimator plates are also provided with opposed legs which engage slots in a photosensor assembly to accurately align the photosensor and scintillator.

Solid state detector for CT comprising improvements in collimator plates

In a modular solid state detector of the type including a scintillator and diodes for converting x-ray flux to a measurable electrical signal, the diodes are mounted out of the path of incident x-radiation to minimize noise and to limit degradation. The resulting configuration reduces efficiency because the active diode area is limited and the length of the light path between the scintillator and diode is increased. In order to compensate for that reduction in efficiency, optical potting material is used to join the scintillator to the diodes in order to minimize light attenuation between those elements. In addition, the outer surface of the cured optical potting material is coated with a thin specular layer of silver to keep the light within the optical potting material and thus most efficiently reflected from the scintillator to the diode.

Optical potting of solid-state detector cells

A resilient locking and sealing arrangement for a multi-channel reflective cavity scintillation detector useful in a CT scanner. The absorption coefficient of the detector window is minimized in order to enhance detector efficiency, by forming such window of layers of woven graphite fiber bonded together with epoxy. The detector window includes resilient sealing means positioned to engage the leading edge of unit cell elements assembled to form a detector array. Resilient lock means force the plate into a reference position and into contact with the resilient sealing means thereby to accurately locate the plate in the array, and also to provide an effective light seal.

Resilient mount for modular detector cell

A modular radiation-detecting array composed of a plurality of detector modules having detector cells supported between upper and lower insulating substrates utilizes nut plates fastened to the insulating substrates for rigidly and releasably securing the detector modules between parallel frame members.

Modular radiation-detecting array

Improved end blocks for the electrode array of a multicell radiation detector support the array and isolate it from the interior walls of an enclosed ionization chamber. A plunger extends from the rear wall of each end block and is biased by a spring within the end block to bear against the rear wall of the detector chamber, biasing the electrode array forwardly against front spacers to position the front edges of the electrodes in equidistantly spaced relation to a x-ray transmissive window formed in the front wall of the detector housing. The bias exerted by the springs is adjustable. A tool is inserted into each end block during assembly of the detector to retract the plungers while the array is being positioned within the opened ionization chamber. The invention greatly reduces noise in the detector caused by microphonics, thus improving the integrity of the detected signal and permitting shorter scanning times and other advantages.

Dennis H. Pritzkow

Papers

Solid state detector for CT comprising improvements in collimator plates

Optical potting of solid-state detector cells

Resilient mount for modular detector cell

Modular radiation-detecting array

Detector array retaining and positioning system