This article presents a review of the book “Organizations: Rational, Natural and Open Systems,” by W.R. Scott.

Organizations: Rational, Natural and Open Systems

Integrated care is a burgeoning field. As is often the case in new areas of inquiry and action, conceptual clarification is demanded. Without such attention, it would be difficult to advance theory and practice in this increasingly important professional arena. In the following discussion paper, the authors explore the intellectual territory of integrated care, and underscore the need for a patient-centric imperative and meaning. They also examine the practical applications and implications arising from their views. The intention is to stimulate fruitful dialogue and debate about what ‘integrated care’ could and should be.

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Integrated care: meaning, logic, applications, and implications – a discussion paper

Introduction: Primary care has a central role in integrating care within a health system. However, conceptual ambiguity regarding integrated care hampers a systematic understanding. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that combines the concepts of primary care and integrated care, in order to understand the complexity of integrated care. Methods: The search method involved a combination of electronic database searches, hand searches of reference lists (snowball method) and contacting researchers in the field. The process of synthesizing the literature was iterative, to relate the concepts of primary care and integrated care. First, we identified the general principles of primary care and integrated care. Second, we connected the dimensions of integrated care and the principles of primary care. Finally, to improve content validity we held several meetings with researchers in the field to develop and refine our conceptual framework. Results: The conceptual framework combines the functions of primary care with the dimensions of integrated care. Person-focused and population-based care serve as guiding principles for achieving integration across the care continuum. Integration plays complementary roles on the micro (clinical integration), meso (professional and organisational integration) and macro (system integration) level. Functional and normative integration ensure connectivity between the levels. Discussion: The presented conceptual framework is a first step to achieve a better understanding of the inter-relationships among the dimensions of integrated care from a primary care perspective.

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Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care.

Background
Globally, health-care systems and organizations are looking to improve health system performance through the implementation of a person-centred care (PCC) model. While numerous conceptual frameworks for PCC exist, a gap remains in practical guidance on PCC implementation.

Methods
Based on a narrative review of the PCC literature, a generic conceptual framework was developed in collaboration with a patient partner, which synthesizes evidence, recommendations and best practice from existing frameworks and implementation case studies. The Donabedian model for health-care improvement was used to classify PCC domains into the categories of “Structure,” “Process” and “Outcome” for health-care quality improvement.

Discussion
The framework emphasizes the structural domain, which relates to the health-care system or context in which care is delivered, providing the foundation for PCC, and influencing the processes and outcomes of care. Structural domains identified include: the creation of a PCC culture across the continuum of care; co-designing educational programs, as well as health promotion and prevention programs with patients; providing a supportive and accommodating environment; and developing and integrating structures to support health information technology and to measure and monitor PCC performance. Process domains describe the importance of cultivating communication and respectful and compassionate care; engaging patients in managing their care; and integration of care. Outcome domains identified include: access to care and Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Conclusion
This conceptual framework provides a step-wise roadmap to guide health-care systems and organizations in the provision PCC across various health-care sectors.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/hex.12640

How to practice person-centred care: A conceptual framework

Inevitably, reading is one of the requirements to be undergone. To improve the performance and quality, someone needs to have something new every day. It will suggest you to have more inspirations, then. However, the needs of inspirations will make you searching for some sources. Even from the other people experience, internet, and many books. Books and internet are the recommended media to help you improving your quality and performance.

Primary Care: America's Health in a New Era

‘‘Long-term care’’ is part health care and part social service. It encompasses a wide array of primarily lowtech services provided in home, community and institutional settings by paid professionals and paraprofessionals and unpaid family members and other informal helpers to individuals who need assistance on a prolonged basis with personal care, household chores, and life management in order to minimise, restore or compensate for the loss of physical, cognitive andyor mental functioning.

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Following the logic of long-term care: toward an independent, but integrated sector

type Submitted Accepted Oral accepted Rejected

https://www.ijic.org/articles/10.5334/ijic.292/galley/583/download/

Integrated care and the management of chronic illness: reflections on the proceedings of the 8th Annual Integrated Care Conference 2008

A variety of forces are driving the use of technology in the health care field—population ageing, chronic illness, quality outcomes, self-care, patient empowerment, consumer convenience, and rising costs. From an integrated care perspective, mobile communications, remote monitoring and other innovative technologies—the core applications of what is increasingly known as telehealth, telemedicine or telecare—can serve as a kind of glue to hold the health (and social) care team together, enhance patient–provider relationships, and support new, better and more efficient models of coordinated, patient-centred care.

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Dennis L. Kodner

Papers

Following the logic of long-term care: toward an independent, but integrated sector

Integrated care and the management of chronic illness: reflections on the proceedings of the 8th Annual Integrated Care Conference 2008

Home telehealth: connecting care within the community