The quest for a comprehensive and systematic theory of human cognition is a long-established goal of psychology and the neurosciences. However, we are only beginning to acquire sufficient knowledge of brain functional neuroanatomy to comprehend the magnitude of the task, and begin to place some boundary conditions on theory building. The complexity of this quest becomes ever more apparent as additional insights are gained into the neuroanatomy and physiology of the brain. Recent advances in neurophysiology and current interdisciplinary research on neurocognitive processes may improve our understanding of some basic aspects of cognition. Cognition is defined here broadly as perception of sensory input, its transformation, integration into memory, and application during recall. The acquisition of knowledge in a form that enhances its stability in memory, facilitates application to new cognitive tasks, and provides a sound base for further learning is a significant aspect of human information processing. Our understanding of the cognitive processes mediating knowledge acquisition has improved substantially through the application of principles from cognitive psychology and information processing sciences. It is becoming increasingly clear that information acquisition is a dynamic process involving the active participation of the recipient whereby new information is linked to and accommodated within prior existing knowledge structures or schemata1 (Ausubel 1963; Kintsch 1974; Anderson 1976; Novak 1977).

Neurocognitive Models of Information Processing and Knowledge Acquisition

Respiratory autonomic beta-adrenergic receptor function was investigated in isolated tracheal spirals of guinea pigs receiving different diets. Comparison was made between control and Haemophilus influenzae treated animals; this latter group serving as animal model for atopy. The different semi-synthetic diets (35 energy%) varying in their linoleic acid contents (5.85, 11.25 and 22.05 en%), exerted profound effects on membrane fatty acid composition. No influence of these diets on either food intake or growth could be detected. Isoprenaline induced relaxation of guinea pig tracheal spirals was maximal in the dietary group receiving moderate linoleic acid (11.25 en%). Both the addition and the withdrawal of linoleic acid to this diet resulted in a significant impairment of beta-adrenergic receptor function, to the same extent as can be induced by Haemophilus influenzae. The results are discussed in view of current concepts for atopy.

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Dennis Sg

Papers

Signal transduction across cellular membranes.