Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation of Cross-Section Data

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/40969831.pdf

Of saving, the demand for wealth and the supply of capital*

Governments and corporations may chip in, but around the world houshold saving is the biggest factor in national saving. To better understand why saving rates differ across countries, this volume provides the most up-to-date analyses of patterns of household saving behavior in Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Each of the six chapters examines micro data sets of household saving within a particular country and summarizes statistics on patterns of saving by age, income, and other demographic factors. The authors provide age-earning profiles and analyses of the accumulation of wealth over the lifetime in a clear way that allows quick comparisons between earning, consumption, and saving in the six countries. Designed as a companion to Public Policies and Household Saving (1994), which addresses saving policies in the G-7 nations, this volume offers detailed descriptions of saving behavior in all G-7 nations except France.

International Comparisons of Household Saving

We studied the effects of forest cover and configuration on nesting songbird distribution in a harvested boreal forest. To emphasize landscape-level effects relative to stand effects, point count stations were established in mature stands only, but were surrounded by contrasting 100-ha landscapes. Seven of the 14 species studied responded significantly to landscape structure, but responses to specific landscape measures were found only in three species. Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) was absent from landscapes with <55% forest cover. Solitary Vireo (Vireo solitarius) also was associated with high forest cover per se. Conversely. American Robin (Turdus migratorius) was associated with poorly-forested landscapes. No species responded to mature forest configuration. Thus, clearcutting in boreal forests will reduce the use of remnant forest patches by certain species through a decrease of surrounding mature forest cover rather than changes in its spatial configuration.

Effects of Landscape Structure on Nesting Songbird Distribution in a Harvested Boreal Forest

The saving rate of Ethiopia to GDP is 9.5% which is, the worst saving rate in the world as compared to China, Bangladesh and South Africa which have a better saving rate in the world. Ethiopia is characterized by poor saving cultures which result in very small domestic savings available for investment. The government knowing this fact has planned in the 5 year Growth & Transformation Plan of the country (2003 -2007 E.C) to increase saving rate from 9.5% to 20% of the GDP. To achieve the plan, there is therefore a need for investigating the root cause of poor saving habit. In order to achieve the objectives, a survey study using qualitative and quantitative approaches was conducted. Herein, 544 households were selected from three major cities namely Addis Ababa, Hawassa, and Mekelle on basis of non proportional quota sampling technique. The questionnaire accomplished by household was the research instruments used for the data-gathering. The study employed chi-square test and other descriptive statistics to analyse the data and results of the survey was processed using SPSS. The result of the study indicates that saving culture of the society is poor despite the performance improvement of saving rate. The cause of the poor saving identified in this study includes  lack of appropriate saving products, lack of incentive to save, low income level, high level of debt, low interest rate, high inflation and others. Based on the investigation the study suggest that government and other sectors must work in creating awareness of saving in the society, stabilization of inflation, implementing forced saving, modernization and accessible the saving institution, stabilization of the income level of the society, reviewing the saving interest rate and others. Key word: saving culture, income, inflation, interest rate, saving product.

/pdf/assessment-of-saving-culture-among-households-in-ethiopia-2xzk9dw7wx.pdf

Assessment of Saving Culture among Households in Ethiopia

This paper uses National Balance Sheet data and defines households’ savings as the change in net worth estimated at book and at market value. The study examines the evolution of households’ savings and financing of assets in Canada over the past forty years, and takes into account a set of portfolio management variables that were largely ignored in prior studies. The findings, based on a quantile regression analysis, reveal that disposable income can be a significant determinant of net worth buildup only when balance sheets are estimated at book value and only for the fourth quartile savings level, whereas portfolio variables appear as significant determinants whether balance sheets are at book or at market values. These findings have public policy implications that are laid out and discussed.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2602013_code1926458.pdf?abstractid=2192674&mirid=2

Determinants of households saving and financing of assets in canada: a balance sheet approach

Summary

Assume that a number of individuals are to be classified into one of two populations and that, at the same time, the proportion of members of each population needs to be estimated. The allocated proportions given by the Bayes classification rule are not consistent estimates of the true proportions, so a different classification rule is proposed; this rule yields consistent estimates with only a small increase in the probability of misclassification. As an illustration, the case of two normal distributions with equal covariance matrices is dealt with in detail.

Denys Gagnon

Papers

Determinants of households saving and financing of assets in canada: a balance sheet approach

Classification and proportion estimation