1. On Romanization 2. Roman power and the Gauls 3. The civilising ethos 4. Mapping cultural change 5. Urbanising the Gauls 6. The culture of the countryside 7. Consuming Rome 8. Keeping faith? 9. Being Roman in Gaul.

Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul. By G. Woolf. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge1998/2000. Pp. xv + 296, figs 20. Price: £40.00 (bound); £15.95 (paper). ISBN 0 521 414456 (bound); 0 521 789826 (paper).

For the Greeks and Romans, the Earth's furthest perimeter was a realm radically different from what they perceived as central and human. The alien qualities of these "edges of the Earth" became the basis of a literary tradition that endured throughout antiquity and into the Renaissance, despite the growing challenges of emerging scientific perspectives. This survey reveals that the Greeks, and to a somewhat lesser extent the Romans, saw geography not as a branch of physical science but as an important literary genre. The tradition described by Romm emerged in Homer and Hestiod, whose imaginative geography defined the Earth by giving it boundaries - the river Ocean, the Pillars of Heracles, and other mythical forms of circumscription. Other Greek authors developed exotic literary landscapes by filling these "limits" with idealized human societies and bizarre or monstrous animal life, while the Romans adapted the concept of perimeters to goals of imperial conquest. As Hellenistic and Roman voyages of exploration failed to confirm the fancied landscapes, the tradition came to be seen as one in which invented narratives had masqueraded as truths. As a result, some of late antiquity's most daring innovations seized on geography as a theme for prose fiction, and the explorer's log became an important antecedent of the early modern novel.

"The Edges of the Earth in Ancient Thought. Geography, Exploration and Fiction", James S. Romm, New Jersey 1992 : [recenzja] / Izabela Żbikowska.

This thesis argues that pluralism and diversity pose a more fundamental challenge to liberal constitutionalism than is sometimes recognised by liberal political theorists. While the challenges presented by moral pluralism at the philosophical level, and by cultural diversity at the socio-cultural level, have received a great deal of attention in recent political thought, the background within which these themes become salient has not always been fully acknowledged. What is new in the modern world is not so much diversity of lifestyles, but the disintegration of frameworks that traditionally provided an unproblematic basis for political authority. What this modern challenge forces us to confront then, is the idea that ‘the people’ who are subject to law, are also, as citizens, the ultimate source of political authority. 
	I consider in detail the work of two contemporary political theorists who have provided among the most sustained and far-reaching attempts to respond to this challenge, Charles Taylor and Jurgen Habermas. Both make a significant contribution to responding to the contemporary situation of pluralism by taking on board the ‘dialogical’ nature of identity, and the role of the ‘people’ as the ultimate source of political power. However each places a heavy reliance on a privileged standpoint that may shield political judgement from the full implications of modern pluralism: Habermas, by appealing to ‘post-conventional morality’ and Taylor, by appealing to an incipient teleology.

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Citizenship and Identity

Preface. Introduction. Part 1. Logistics of the Classical Literate 1. Memory for Words 2. Ancient Books 3. \"Publication\" 4. The Organization of Collections 5. Retrieval: Documents and Texts 6. The Cognitive Development of the Muses Part 2: The Historical Development of Ancient Memory Techniques 7. The Greek Methods 8. The Roman Contribution 9. Other Advice for Improving Memory Part 3: Writing Habits of the Literate 10. Tools of the Trade 11. Research Techniques 12. Composing the Work 13. Types of Works or Genres 14. Indirect Applications of the Art of Memory Conclusion. Select Bibliography and Abbreviations. Index Locorum. Index.

Wax Tablets of the Mind, Cognitive Studies of Memory and Literacy in Classical Antiquity

No solo las ideas de libertad, democracia y filosofia fueron el principal legado de griegos y romanos. De acuerdo con Isaac Benjamin, autor de The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity (La Invencion del Racismo en la Antiguedad, traduccion de HMS) tambien los principios elementales de la discriminacion y el racismo provienen de autores tan reconocidos como Platon, Aristoteles, Herodoto, Hipocrates y Ciceron, quienes vertieron estas ideas y concepciones en la literatura de la Grecia y Roma clasicas.

The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity

The present study argues that one of the ways Luke redefines the idea of the world
is by exploring the meaning of oikoumene, “the inhabited world” This Greek term was a
representative concept to signify the Mediterranean World Subsequently the term
oikoumene was embraced by other cultures which needed a concept to portray the world,
such as that of the Romans and the Jews Each culture adopted the term but distinctively
adapted it within its own context As a result, the term included various meanings—political,
cultural, and religious—by the first century CE These contextual interpretations reflect the
fact that each culture established its own subjective worldview, namely a self-centred way
of thinking Subsequently, within the context of various worldviews, it was necessary for
the biblical authors to clarify how audiences would perceive the oikoumene they inhabited
Luke employs the term oikoumene eight times in his two-volume book His usages of the
term reflect the various political, cultural, and religious conceptions of the oikoumene in his
time For Luke, the oikoumene is the world ruled by Roman hegemony in terms of politics
and the pagan cult in terms of religion, but the oikoumene should be restored by Jesus and
then his followers within their eschatological hope It is remarkable that these views
converge within the Acts narrative, thereby drawing an image of the inhabited world Luke
superimposes two contrasting worlds in Acts Firstly, Luke exploits the prominent discourse
of the Greeks about the inhabited world but within this he resorts to the Jewish reliance on
an ancestral theme to describe the inhabited world, thereby providing a schematic picture of
that inhabited world created by God in terms of geographic features and ethnic origin
Furthermore, Luke attempts to depict the world before his eyes which is, absolutely, the
Roman oikoumene Luke implies that the world portrayed in Acts 2 is established according
to the Roman oikoumene, thereby creating a newly constructed oikoumene Acts is a
narrative in which the Roman oikoumene is retrieved into the world that Luke envisages in
Acts 2 For Luke, the ideal oikoumene is the newly-restored world founded upon the Roman
world

Luke's Worldview: A Study of the Oikoumene in Luke-Acts

This study is an attempt to highlight the geographical perspective that was current in the New Testament world: a hodological understanding of space, which represents the ancient people’s worldview, and can be a clue to interpreting Acts also. This article argues that Acts reveals the linearity of hodological space through the geographical movement of the apostles to the end of earth. Luke constructs a linear narrative, that is, a straight line on which he arranges a number of cities and places. Acts is composed of a series of paths from the preface to the final scene, but those paths are condensed within a single path from Jerusalem to Rome. From this hodological reading, the essay claims that Luke guides his audience to the final destination of Rome, which is hidden away as a surprise. That might be a reason why Luke places Rome at the end of Paul’s entire itinerary.

Hodological Space in the Acts Narrative

본 연구는 신약성서에 단 한번 등장하는 πολίτϵυμα를 통해 빌립보 신앙 공동체의 정체성을 연구하는 것에 목적이 있다. 빌립보서 수신자들이 가지고 있던 집단 정체성을 구체적으로 분석하기 위한 방법론으로 본 연구는 사회언어학을 택한다. 특히 사회언어학에서 제시되고 있는 사회방언, 그리고 자기명칭어를 통해 πολίτϵυμα를 분석한다. 초기 그리스도교 공동체는 자신들의 집단 정체성을 공고히 하기 위해 다양한 자기명칭어를 사용하였다. 그 명칭어는 하나의 방언과도 같이 그들의 연대감과 유대감을 굳건히 하였다. 가령 ἀδϵλϕοί, ἂγιοι, τϵκνα θϵοῡ와 같은 표현들은 자신들이 누구인지 그리고 어떠한 존재인지를 각인시키는 선명한 표현들이었다. 이 명칭어는 세상과 구별된 신앙 공동체의 독립된 모습을 강조한다. 이러한 자기 명칭어를 통해 그들 스스로는 그 명칭에 부합한 자가 되기 위하여 노력하였으며, 그러한 과정을 통해 공동체 내부 결속력은 더욱 굳건해졌다. 하지만 그들이 강한 집단 정체성을 토대로 외부와의 경계선을 그으려 한다고 할지라도 결국 그들은 도시 현실 속에 거주하는 존재들이었다. 그들은 신앙으로 모인 공동체였지만 동시에 그들 모두가 도시 사람들이라는 것은 부정할 수 없는 현실이었다. 그러므로 바울은 πολίτϵυμα라는 또 하나의 자기명칭어를 사용한다. 이 단어를 통해 그들의 내부 결속력을 도모함과 동시에 그들이 도시 현실 속에 존재하는 공동체임을 자각케 한다. πολίτϵυμα는 당시 도시 사회에서 보편적으로 사용되던 사회 정치적 맥락을 담고 있는 용어였기에 빌립보 수신자로 하여금 현실을 분명히 인식하게 하는데 매우 용이했다. 바울은 그들이 처한 도시 사회라는 현실을 염두에 두되, 그 현실의 상황에 함몰되지 말 것을 당부한다. 그들이 궁극적으로 지향해야 할 πολίτϵυμα는 하늘에 있기 때문이다. 그러므로 천상의 πολίτϵυμα를 지향하며 현실의 πολίτϵυμα 위에서 구별된 위에서 πολίτϵυμα 구성원의 삶을 살 것을 당부한다. 

The Meaning of πολίτϵυμα (Phil. 3:20), Revisited: A Study in the Concept of Self-designations

본 연구는 한남대학교를 중심으로 기독교 대학에서 창학 정신을 학생들 에 가르치기 위한 효과적 방법론으로 학제간 연구를 살펴본다. 코로나 팬데 믹 이후 기독교 대학에서 창학 정신을 교육하는 데 많은 어려움이 있다. 이 러한 위기를 돌파하기 위해 기독교와 교양은 학문 간에 협력을 통해 학제간 연구라는 방법론을 택할 필요가 있다. 종합대학은 작은 우주(universe)와도 같아서 다양한 학문들과 담론들이 생산되고 공급되는 특별한 공간이다. 그 러므로 학제간 연구를 통해 더욱 창의적인 주제들이 생산될 수 있다. 본 연 구는 학제간 연구의 실제적인 모델을 찾기 위해 이학(건축, 과학), 인문학(문 학), 예술(미술)에 걸쳐 알아본다. 먼저 건축은 다양한 기독교 건물들의 건축 설계를 통해 그 속에 스며든 신학적 메시지를 발견할 수 있다. 미술은 그 속 에 재현된 성서 이야기와 새로운 해석을 발견할 수 있다. 문학에서는 텍스트로 재현된 성서 이야기와 신학을 새롭게 만나게 된다. 또한 과학을 통해 기 독교는 새로운 학문의 지평을 경험하게 된다. 기독교는 대학이라는 학문의 우주 공간 중심에 홀로 존재하는 것이 아니라, 태양과도 같이 그 주변에서 자신의 궤도를 걷고 있는 수많은 학문들에게 선한 영향력을 미치고, 더 나아 가 그들과의 대화와 협업을 통해서 더욱 풍성한 학문의 공간을 만들어 갈 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 과정을 통해 미션 스쿨에서 기독교는 더욱 풍성한 열매를 거두게 될 것이다. 

A Study of Interdisciplinary Approach for Christianity-Liberal Education at Hannam University

Luke constructs the world through a geographic description and invites his audience into a spatial image through the textual world. Here hyperbole plays an important role as an impressionistic way of projecting such an image of the world in the minds of his audience. Through hyperbole, Luke conveys his own image of the world, that is, a mental picture of the world as he wants it to be—a world reigned over by God. In this way, Lukan hyperbole functions as an important literary device through which we can discover his theological preoccupations and emphases.

Deok Hee Jung

Papers

Luke's Worldview: A Study of the Oikoumene in Luke-Acts

Hodological Space in the Acts Narrative

The Meaning of πολίτϵυμα (Phil. 3:20), Revisited: A Study in the Concept of Self-designations

A Study of Interdisciplinary Approach for Christianity-Liberal Education at Hannam University

The Use of Lukan Hyperbole in the Acts of the Apostles