Showing papers by "Derek Bell published in 1990"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Methylcellulose gums can enhance the structure of wheat flour bread as well as allow the production of bread containing no wheat flour, attributed by the author to their interfacial activity and ability to form a "thermal gel".
Abstract: Methylcellulose gums can enhance the structure of wheat flour bread as well as allow the production of bread containing no wheat flour, attributed by the author to their interfacial activity and ability to form a «thermal gel»
114 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate increased neutrophil activation and free radical production after myocardial infarction; they suggest that thrombolysis does not amplify the inflammatory response and may indeed suppress it.
Abstract: Activated neutrophils releasing proteolytic enzymes and oxygen free radicals have been implicated in extending myocardial injury after myocardial infarction. Neutrophil elastase was used as a marker of neutrophil activation and the non-peroxide diene conjugate of linoleic acid was used as an indicator of free radical activity in 32 patients after acute myocardial infarction; 17 were treated by intravenous thrombolysis. Patients with acute myocardial infarction had higher plasma concentrations of neutrophil elastase and the non-peroxide diene conjugated isomer of linoleic acid than normal volunteers or patients with stable ischaemic heart disease. Patients treated by thrombolysis had an early peak of neutrophil elastase at eight hours while those who had not been treated by thrombolysis showed a later peak 40 hours after infarction. The plasma concentration of non-peroxide conjugated diene of linoleic acid was highest 16 hours after the infarction irrespective of treatment by thrombolysis. Quantitative imaging with single photon emission tomography showed decreased uptake of indium-111 labelled neutrophils in the infarcted myocardium (as judged from technetium-99m pyrophosphate) in those who had received thrombolysis, suggesting a decreased inflammatory response. The results indicate increased neutrophil activation and free radical production after myocardial infarction; they also suggest that thrombolysis does not amplify the inflammatory response and may indeed suppress it.
86 citations
TL;DR: The number of familial cases being identified raises the possibility that in humans the prion disease range has more of a genetic basis than hitherto realised.
Abstract: of prion disease in humans has several implications for the epidemiological proposals at the end of Professor Matthews's editorial. Firstly, because of the clinical and pathological variability the true incidence of transmissible dementias (prion disease) in humans can be established with certainty only by a combination of genetic screening and immunocytochemical detection of the abnormal isoform of prion protein. Secondly, on the basis of information already available the incidence of the range of prion diseases in humans is (and probably always was) significantly higher than the figures quoted in the editorial. Thirdly, because of this improved rate of detection any attempts at ascertaining the possible impact of foodstuffs contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalitis on the incidence of transmissible dementias must take this apparent rise in the number of cases into account. Finally, the number of familial cases being identified raises the possibility that in humans the prion disease range has more of a genetic basis than hitherto realised.
36 citations
TL;DR: As neutrophil elastase is implicated in the development of vascular disease, this rise in response to hypoglycaemia may be of pathological importance in insulin‐treated diabetic patients.
Abstract: Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in humans is associated with the rapid mobilization of leucocytes in peripheral blood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether neutrophil activation, manifested in plasma by neutrophil elastase concentration, occurs in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Acute hypoglycaemia (mean blood glucose 1.3 +/- 0.2 mmol l-1; mean +/- SD) was induced with intravenous insulin in 15 normal human subjects, and provoked an increase in the neutrophil count from 3.4 (range 1.9-6.5) to 10.7 (9.4-16.3) X 10(9) l-1 (p less than 0.001), and in the total leucocyte counts from 5.7 (4.1-8.1) to 12.8 (11.3-18.6) X 10(9) l-1 (p less than 0.001), with associated elevations in plasma neutrophil elastase concentration from 21 (12-34) to 29 (14-70) micrograms l-1 (p less than 0.05), and in total neutrophil elastase concentration from 5.90 (3.13-8.20) to 25.20 (23.00-52.00) mg l-1 (p less than 0.001). As neutrophil elastase is implicated in the development of vascular disease, this rise in response to hypoglycaemia may be of pathological importance in insulin-treated diabetic patients.
35 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that measurement of GST B1 or GST B2 in lung lavage fluid could be a useful aid in the diagnosis of lung malignancy.
Abstract: The levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes, GST pi, B1, B2 and mu were measured, by radioimmunoassay, in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a series of patients presenting with neoplastic (n = 12) and non-neoplastic lung diseases (n = 10). Lavage fluid was obtained from the suspected abnormal area of lung and a presumed normal area of lung at the time of bronchoscopy. Concentrations of GST B1 and GST B2 were found to be significantly raised (P less than 0.02) in the lavage fluid obtained from the suspected abnormal areas of lung compared with the presumed normal area of lung, in patients later diagnosed as having cancer of the bronchus. The findings of the radioimmunoassay, of greater levels of GST B1 and B2 than GST pi in lavage fluid, were confirmed by a one-step purification of GST from lung lavage, using affinity chromatography, followed by their identification using SDS-polyacrylamide gel. We conclude that measurement of GST B1 or GST B2 in lung lavage fluid could be a useful aid in the diagnosis of lung malignancy.
19 citations
Journal Article•