Optical coherence tomography angiography.

Mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration

Presbyopia and the optical changes in the human crystalline lens with age

https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3006538/view

Non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Pupils respond to three distinct kinds of stimuli: they constrict in response to brightness (the pupil light response), constrict in response to near fixation (the pupil near response), and dilate in response to increases in arousal and mental effort, either triggered by an external stimulus or spontaneously. In this review, I describe these three pupil responses, how they are related to high-level cognition, and the neural pathways that control them. I also discuss the functional relevance of pupil responses, that is, how pupil responses help us to better see the world. Although pupil responses likely serve many functions, not all of which are fully understood, one important function is to optimize vision either for acuity (small pupils see sharper) and depth of field (small pupils see sharply at a wider range of distances), or for sensitivity (large pupils are better able to detect faint stimuli); that is, pupils change their size to optimize vision for a particular situation. In many ways, pupil responses are similar to other eye movements, such as saccades and smooth pursuit: like these other eye movements, pupil responses have properties of both reflexive and voluntary action, and are part of active visual exploration.

/pdf/pupillometry-psychology-physiology-and-function-1o19zmdov3.pdf

Pupillometry: Psychology, Physiology, and Function.

"Graefe's Archive" is a distinguished international journal that presents original clinical reports and clinically relevant experimental studies. Founded in 1854 by Albrecht von Graefe to serve as a source of useful clinical information and a stimulus for discussion, the journal has published articles by leading ophthalmologists and vision research scientists for more than a century. With peer review by an international Editorial Board and prompt English-language publication, "Graefe's Archive" provides rapid dissemination of clinical and clinically related experimental information.

Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft

Papers

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology

Pseudophakes zystoides Makulaödem