Three kinds of drag reducer were synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and named PHWAM-1, PHWAM-2, and PHWAM-3. Drag reduction (DR) tests showed that the three drag reducers have different DR characteristics in fresh water and various saline waters because of their different types of hydrophobic monomers. PHWAM-1, without hydrophobic monomers, performs better in fresh water, while PHWAM-2 and PHWAM-3, with hydrophobic monomers, perform better in brine. In addition, PHWAM-3, which has twin-tailed hydrophobic monomers, performs best in high-concentration brine. Measurements of micro-particle size and observations of spatial structure suggest that although the stronger hydrophobic polymer has no DR advantage over a linear polymer in fresh water, the molecular chains form a mutually associative supporting structure that improves the DR performance over that of a linear polymer in high-concentration brine.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/4/955/pdf

Drag Reduction Performance and Mechanism of Hydrophobic Polymers in Fresh Water and Brine

The flow and consistency index values for aqueous solutions of guar gum have been shown. The effects of particle size, ionic strength and pH variations on rheological parameters were investigated. The rheograms generated in this study were fitted to the power law with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99 in all cases. From a practical point of view, the flow index of gum solutions is a useful parameter in designing a gum system for a given formulation. This study used guar gum as a model to point out the utility of flow and consistency index in formulation work.

Flow and Consistency Index Dependence of Pseodoplastic Guar Gum Solutions

The effect of Polyox, Separan and CMC drag-reducing polymers on the rate of electrochemical mass transfer was studied using the cathodic reduction of K3Fe(CN)6 in neutral media at a rotating cylinder cathode. Reynolds number and polymer concentration were varied over the ranges 764–10470 and 10–200 ppm respectively. Under these conditions it was found that the three polymers reduce the rate of mass transfer by a maximum of 47%, 30%, and 17% for Polyox, Separan and CMC, respectively. Mass transfer data in the three polymer solutions was correlated by the following equations: for Polyox: (St)=0.051(Re)−0.3 (Sc)−0.644 (u/u0−0.7 for Separan: (St)=0.065(Re)−0.3 (Sc)−0.644 (u/u0)−0.7 for CMC: (St)= 0.075(Re)−0.3 (Sc)−0.644) (u/u0)−0.5

A comparative study of the effect of different drag-reducing polymers on electrochemical mass transfer

The effect of adding carboxymethylcellulose drag reducing polymer on the rate of corrosion of aluminium tube through which sodium hydroxide solution flows, was studied by a weight loss technique. The variables studied were solution flow rate and polymer concentration. Reynolds number and polymer concentration were varied over the range 3500 to 30 000 and 10 to 500 ppm, respectively. Polymer addition was found to decrease the rate of corrosion by a maximum of 63% depending on polymer concentration and Reynolds number.

Devendra Shah

Papers

Effect of Temperature and Sodium Chloride on Drag Reduction by Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Gum Gum