The study investigates the China-Pakistan relations in historical context applying into the theoretical framework of power transition theory in general and hard and soft power theory specifically and its implications on foreign policy of Pakistan. In fact, since the inception of Pakistan, Pakistan had always been in search of security because of its geo-strategic situation and external pressures. Further, the study addresses that how the international scenario and outward dynamics affected foreign policy of Pakistan. For example, during the Cold War era and USSR war in Afghanistan because of bipolar dimensions across the World, Pakistan had to tilt towards Western allies to protect state sovereignty and maintain the integrity of its citizens. One thing that proved very true that Pakistan always desired to join those allies who always committed to preserve state from external enemies. The study spotlights that how the changing global episodes since the event of 9/11 altered Pakistan’s foreign policy choices. Meanwhile, Pakistan decided to strengthen its ties with rising power of China. Despite Pakistan’s constant contribution in the war on terrorism, it had been considered as a state of ‘safe Haven’ for terrorists and did not able to attain the confidence of its Western allies. By the times, Pakistan’s overseas strategy slanted towards the Chinese foreign policy goals of influencing the World with the image of a soft power. Likewise, the social and cultural relations enabled to gain the psychological confidence of Pakistan and its people by enhancing people to people relations. The dissertation draws extensively on the declassified official records to prove the theoretical and empirical contribution of this study that how far bilateral and political relations turned the shape of economic to geo-economic and taking the U-turn from geo-economic to geo-strategic ties between both states in the 21 Century.

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9750/1/iram%20naseer%20_UoP.pdf

A History of Pakistan-China Relations 1973-2013 Reappraisal

The main research question of the article is what attitude present the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Collective Security Treaty Organization towards Afghanistan after 2014? A number of detailed questions were also put to help to answer the main question. The article consists of eight chapters. The first chapter discusses the methodological assumptions of the article. Chapter two covers literature review and theoretical framework of the article. The following chapters include an analysis of the approach to Afghanistan of the three indicated international organizations. The article ends with conclusion that contain the main theses.

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Attitudes of nato, sco and csto towards the situation in afghanistan after 2014

The individual parts of the article present cultural, theoretical and legal aspects of the problem, the actual change in the position of Afghan women, the barriers to their emancipation and the opinions of Afghans on selected issues in the area of women’s functioning in society. After completing the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in 2014, the government of President Ashraf Ghani faced major security challenges. There were therefore fears that the issue of women’s rights could be marginalised. These speculations have not been confirmed because the Afghan authorities show determination to reform this area. However, the problem is the implementation of new solutions, especially in areas controlled by the Taliban.

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The social position of women in Afghanistan after 2014

South Asia contributes the largest contingent of peacekeepers to the United Nations, and yet remains a fragile region in terms of peace within its own borders. This article argues that, although the implications of South Asia’s engagement in global peacekeeping operations has been the subject of academic study, not enough attention has been paid to how South Asian expertise in peacekeeping can be harnessed as a resource for regional cooperation.

South Asian Peacekeeping: Regional Possibilities

The purpose of the paper is to present and evaluate the involvement of the People's Republic of China in stabilizing the security of Afghanistan during the democratic transition. China's efforts to secure Afghanistan were very limited as it did not want to support the US position in the country and antagonize extremist groupings. Its relations with Afghanistan were focused on economic issues, which resulted from its own goals and interests. China hoped that the intensified investments and trade, and thus economic growth, would positively translate into the stability and security of Afghanistan.

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Dhananjay Tripathi

Papers

The many lives of Afghanistan: Reassessing disciplinary international relations