Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication has raised increasing attentions from both academia and industry due to its exceptional advantages. Compared with existing wireless communication techniques, such as WiFi and 4G, mmWave communications adopt much higher carrier frequencies and thus come with advantages including huge bandwidth, narrow beam, high transmission quality, and strong detection ability. These advantages can well address difficult situations caused by recent popular applications using wireless technologies. For example, mmWave communications can significantly alleviate the skyrocketing traffic demand of wireless communication from video streaming. Meanwhile, mmWave communications have several natural disadvantages, e.g., severe signal attenuation, easily blocked by obstacles, and small coverage, due to its short wavelengths. Hence, the major challenge is how to overcome its shortcomings while fully utilizing its advantages. In this paper, we present a taxonomy based on the layered model and give an extensive review on mmWave communications. Specially, we divide existing efforts into four categories that investigate: physical layer, medium access control (MAC) layer, network layer, and cross layer optimization, respectively. First, we present an overview of some technical details in physical layer. Second, we summarize available literature in MAC layer that pertains to protocols and scheduling schemes. Third, we make an in-depth survey of related research work in network layer, providing brain storming and methodology for enhancing the capacity and coverage of mmWave networks. Fourth, we analyze available research work related to cross layer allocation/optimization for mmWave communications. Fifth, we make a review of mmWave applications to illustrate how mmWave technology can be employed to satisfy other services. At the end of each section described above, we point out the inadequacy of existing work and identify the future work. Sixth, we present some available resources for mmWave communications, including related books about mmWave, commonly used mmWave frequencies, existing protocols based on mmWave, and experimental platforms. Finally, we have a simple summary and point out several promising future research directions.

Millimeter Wave Communication: A Comprehensive Survey

Design With Operational Amplifiers And Analog Integrated Circuits

In order for EUV plasma sources to become the next-generation lithographic (NGL) source, significant obstacles still need to be overcome. Improvements in conversion efficiency (CE), plasma stability, and component lifetimes are required. Although the final goal is to produce a suitable 13.5-nm light source, solving the full range of problems will require a more thorough understanding of the plasma than just the EUV optical emission. Because of the complex nature and extreme conditions produced in the EUV plasma sources, many different plasma diagnostics are needed to fully characterize these EUVL sources.

Although the development of EUVL light sources is a relatively recent endeavor, similar plasmas have been utilized for many years for other applications. LPPs have been used for applications ranging from laser drilling to x-ray lasers. DPPs have been investigated as potential nuclear fusion sources and also as x-ray sources. Consequently, suitable plasma diagnostics have been developed over many years for the study of these types of plasma sources.

This chapter will concentrate on plasma diagnostics not based on optical-emission measurements. Although measurements of the optical emissions from these plasmas provide a great deal of information, many of these techniques have been discussed previously in Chapter 27. Consequently, this chapter will concentrate mainly on diagnostics of emitted plasma debris and other basic plasma properties such as electron density and temperature.

Plasma Diagnostic Techniques

In this paper, a compact asymmetric coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed with split-ring resonator (SRR) is proposed to resonate at dual-band operations for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The asymmetric CPW-fed SRR patch (ACSP) antenna consists of a meander line, square-shaped split ring, and CPW ground plane. The proposed ACSP antenna resonates at two operating frequencies, namely, 2.48 GHz (2.4–2.74 GHz) and 3.49 GHz (3.25–3.64 GHz) with reflection coefficients (S11) of −16.65 dB and −32.67 dB, respectively. The measured results agree closely with the simulation results of the proposed antenna.

Asymmetric CPW-fed SRR patch antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications

This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics. The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.

/pdf/mobile-phone-antenna-design-1w0bdhvfh8.pdf

Mobile Phone Antenna Design

Mutual coupling reduction in wideband tree shaped fractal dielectric resonator antenna array using defected ground structure for MIMO applications

This letter presents the improved cross-polar performance of a matched feed with an offset parabolic reflector antenna of low focal-length-to-diameter (F/D) ratio and higher offset angle. In the pyramidal horn, the higher order mode (TE11) has been added in correct amplitude and phase with respect to the dominant mode (TE01) . Parametric study on the secondary radiation pattern has been carried out for different values of offset angle. The numerical results have been presented on radiation pattern for both linearly polarized and circularly polarized rectangular matched feed. The design of a rectangular matched feed and its simulated secondary patterns have also been included.

Improving the Cross-Polar Performance of an Offset Parabolic Reflector Antenna Using a Rectangular Matched Feed

This letter presents the design of a dual-mode corrugated matched feed to cancel the unwanted high cross polarization and beam squinting in an offset parabolic reflector antenna. The matched feed concept has been implemented in a cylindrical corrugated structure by adding a higher order HE21 mode to the fundamental HE11 mode. The designed feed was then used to illuminate a linearly, as well as a circularly, polarized offset parabolic reflector antenna, and the secondary radiation patterns were computed. Significant improvement in the cross polarization was observed when the results were compared to that of a conventional corrugated horn illuminated offset reflector antenna.

Cross-Polarization Cancellation in an Offset Parabolic Reflector Antenna Using a Corrugated Matched Feed

This letter presents the development of an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based model for predicting the performance of a pyramidal and a conical corrugated horn antennas. Different ANFIS-based models were developed. Using these models, horn return-loss characteristics and radiation patterns (copolarization and cross-polarization) can be obtained with great accuracy for any combination of design parameters. The results obtained using ANFIS models were compared to that of the commercial horn antenna design software and found in close agreement. The advantage of the proposed method lies with the fact that, with less time and minimum computational resources, the return-loss and radiation characteristics of a horn antenna under test can be obtained with high degree of accuracy.

Predicting the Performance of Pyramidal and Corrugated Horn Antennas Using ANFIS

The paper presents the application of the hybrid neuro-fuzzy model for the analysis and synthesis of a square multiband Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna. For the analysis model, the antenna geometrical parameters were taken as the input, and the resonant frequencies were obtained as the output while for the synthesis model, the resonant frequencies were taken as the input, and geometrical parameters were obtained as the output. Also, a model was trained to obtain the return loss characteristics for the given set of geometrical parameters. The developed model was validated by comparing the resonant frequencies and radiation pattern of the simulated and fabricated antennas.

https://www.jpier.org/pierl/pierl68/09.16100701.pdf

Dhaval Pujara

Papers

Mutual coupling reduction in wideband tree shaped fractal dielectric resonator antenna array using defected ground structure for MIMO applications

Improving the Cross-Polar Performance of an Offset Parabolic Reflector Antenna Using a Rectangular Matched Feed

Cross-Polarization Cancellation in an Offset Parabolic Reflector Antenna Using a Corrugated Matched Feed

Predicting the Performance of Pyramidal and Corrugated Horn Antennas Using ANFIS

Analysis and Synthesis of Multiband Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Antenna Using Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Model