Synthesis of borax cross-linked Jhingan gum hydrogel for remediation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye from water: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic and biodegradation studies

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major plant nutrients whose deficiency results in severe losses to crop yields. To achieve optimum crop production, P is, therefore, consistently required. The use of chemical fertilizers in contrast is discouraged for two basic reasons: one, the repeated and injudicious application may alter soil fertility by adversely affecting microbial composition and functions and, second, it is expensive. To address these problems, scientists have identified soil-borne microorganisms belonging to a specific functional group generally referred to as phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) which play many ecophysiological roles, especially in providing plants with P. They can be found in any environment from conventional to contaminated ones and are able to express their activity both in vitro and under field conditions. The solubilization of P by bacteria including even some of the strict nitrogen fixers, for example, rhizobia (symbiotic) or Azotobacter (asymbiotic), is a multifactor process. The ability to release bound P from both organic (enzymatic) and inorganic (acidification) sources by this functionally diverse group of organisms and to provide growth regulators (phytohormones) to plants or protecting plants from various diseases through other mechanisms (such as synthesizing antibiotics, siderophores, cyanogenic compounds, etc.) is indeed some of the most fascinating biological traits that have resulted in increased crop yields. Here, we highlight the functional aspects of PS bacteria especially their role in crop improvement particularly legumes and cereals grown in varied agro-ecological regions. The discussion attempted here is likely to serve as a low-cost prospective option for sustainable agriculture and also to solve economic constraint to considerable extent faced by the farming communities.

Functional Aspect of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria: Importance in Crop Production

Phosphorous (P) is an essential macronutrient required by the plants for their vital functions such as photosynthesis, proteins and nucleic acid production, nitrogen fixation, formation of oil, sugars, starches etc. It is also the part of all biogeochemical cycles in plants. It is least mobile element which is available to plants as phosphate anion. P in precipitated form i.e. Orthophosphate (H2PO4 -1 or HPO4 2-), is absorbed by Fe3+, Ca2+ or Al3+oxides in soil through legend exchange. A large amount of P applied as a fertilizer becomes immobile through precipitation reaction with highly reactive and Fe3+ in the acidic, and + in calcareous or normal soils. The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as inoculants in soil increases the phosphorous uptake by the plants and also the crop yield. The ability of phosphate solubilizing bacteria to convert insoluble form of phosphorous into soluble one is an important trait in sustainable farming for increasing crops yield. PSB play an important role in enhancing phosphorous availability to plants by lowering soil pH and by microbial production of organic acids and mineralization of organic P by acid phosphatases. These organisms besides providing P also facilitate the growth of plants by improving the uptake of nutrients and stimulating the production of some phytohormones. PSB have high potential as bio-fertilizers especially in P-deficient soils to enhance the growth and yield performance of crops. The present article describes the progress of research on this area and future insights about use of PSB in agriculture.

Synergy between Plants and P-Solubilizing Microbes in soils: Effects on Growth and Physiology of Crops

Hundreds of fruit-bearing trees are native to Southeast Asia, but many of them are considered as indigenous or underutilized. These species can be categorized as indigenous tropical fruits with potential for commercial development and those possible for commercial development. Many of these fruits are considered as underutilized unless the commercialization is being realized despite the fact that they have the developmental potential. This review discusses seven indigenous tropical fruits from 15 species that have been identified, in which their fruits are having potential for commercial development. As they are not as popular as the commercially available fruits, limited information is found. This paper is the first initiative to provide information on the phytochemicals and potential medicinal uses of these fruits. Phytochemicals detected in these fruits are mainly the phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and other terpenoids. Most of these phytochemicals are potent antioxidants and have corresponded to the free radical scavenging activities and other biological activities of the fruits. The scientific research that covered a broad range of in vitro to in vivo studies on the medicinal potentials of these fruits is also discussed in detail. The current review is an update for researchers to have a better understanding of the species, which simultaneously can provide awareness to enhance their commercial value and promote their utilization for better biodiversity conservation.

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Phytochemicals and Medicinal Properties of Indigenous Tropical Fruits with Potential for Commercial Development

RSM-CCD optimization approach for the adsorptive removal of Eriochrome Black T from aqueous system using steel slag-based adsorbent: Characterization, Isotherm, Kinetic modeling and thermodynamic analysis

Color removal from wastewater has been a matter of concern, both in the esthetic sense and health point of view. Color removal from textile effluents on a continuous industrial scale has been given...

Removal of Dyes using Wheat Husk Waste as a Low-Cost Adsorbent

An experiment was conducted during winter seasons on morphological characters of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) enoculated with PSB. PSB (10gm, 20gm and 30gm) in 2Kg of soil and one control. In variety NDL-92 with the application of PSB plant height/plant increases from control. In JL-3 variety plant Height/Plant increases with the treatment of PSB as compared to control number of Branches/Plant in NDL-92 variety increases with the inoculation of PSB and in control number of Branches/Plant are less than of JL-3 variety with the increase of PSB number of Branches per plant increase as compared to control. Number of Flowers per plant is more in both variety JL-3 and NDL-92 inoculated with PSB as compared to control. Number of Pods per plant are more in both varieties JL-3 and NDL-92 inoculated as compared to control. Dry weight/plant is more in inoculated JL-3 and NDL-92 plants as compared to control.

Effects of PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) on morphological characters of Lens culinaris Medic.

The radiomimetic agents like, EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate), MMS (Methyl Methane Sulphonate) and MES (Methyl Ethane Sulphonate) induce plant height and number of pods per plant in two varieties of Trigonella foenum graecum L. i.e., Desi methi and Kasuri methi. Plant height at maturity increases by the treatment of 0.3% MMS in Desi and 0.1%MES in Kasuri methi. Number of pods per plant observed under the treatment of 0.3% EMS and 0.3% MMS in Desi methi and Kasuri methi, respectively. The mutants obtained from the treatments 0.3% MMS for height, 0.3% EMS for number of pods per plant in Desi methi and treatments 0.1% MES for height, 0.3% MMS for number of pods per plant in Kasuri methi give more yield as compared to control plants.

Effect of radiomimetic agents on two varieties of Trigonella with emphasis on plant height and pod numbers.

An experiment was conducted during 2007 and 2008 winter seasons at Botany department of Saifia science college Bhopal. To study the effect of two biofertilizers Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate solubilizing bacteria) and their combination with different doses on growth rate, germination and survival percentage of Lens culinaris. Inoculation of both biofertilizers alone and in combination shows considerable improvement in the growth rate, germination and survival percentage as compared to control. Experiment prove that the application of biofertilizers perform significant improvement in growth rate, germination and survival percentage. This experiment shows that with increase in concentration of biofertilizer, growth rate, germination and survival percentage of Lens culinaris increased. Maximum increase in the growth parameter was with combined treatment of Azotobacter + PSB inoculated crop and then the crop treated with Azotobacter showed somewhat less growth parameters and the least growth parameters in these three inoculations with PSB treatment.

Germination, survival and growth rate (shoot length, root length and dry weight) of Lens culinaris Medik. the masoor, induced by biofertilizers treatment.

Dheeraj Vasu

Papers

Removal of Dyes using Wheat Husk Waste as a Low-Cost Adsorbent

Effects of PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) on morphological characters of Lens culinaris Medic.

Effect of radiomimetic agents on two varieties of Trigonella with emphasis on plant height and pod numbers.

Germination, survival and growth rate (shoot length, root length and dry weight) of Lens culinaris Medik. the masoor, induced by biofertilizers treatment.

Effect of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) and their combinations on germination and survival of Lens culinaris Medic.