Knowledge discovery

The Open Access Bibliography: Liberating Scholarly Literature with E-Prints and Open Access Journals provides an overview of open access concepts, and it presents over 1,300 selected English-language books, conference papers (including some digital video presentations), debates, editorials, e-prints, journal and magazine articles, news articles, technical reports, and other printed and electronic sources that are useful in understanding the open access movement's efforts to provide free access to and unfettered use of scholarly literature. Most sources have been published between 1999 and August 31, 2004; however, a limited number of key sources published prior to 1999 are also included. Where possible, links are provided to sources that are freely available on the Internet (approximately 78 percent of the bibliography's references have such links). The 129-page bibliography has been published in print and PDF formats by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). The print version is available from ARL. The book is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License.

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Open Access Bibliography: Liberating Scholarly Literature with E-Prints and Open Access Journals

In 2003, NISO began work on revising Z39.19. The new standard extended the scope from documents to content objects and extended the coverage from thesauri to all types of controlled vocabularies. It also moved beyond a mostly paper environment to formats appropriate for electronic content. This paper describes that work and the resulting new standard.

Guidelines for the construction, format, and management of monolingual controlled vocabularies : A revision of ANSI/NISO Z39.19 for the 21st century

Recombinant search and breakthrough idea generation: An analysis of high impact papers in the social sciences

Some ideas have dramatically more impact than others – they may overturn existing paradigms or launch new areas of scientific inquiry. Where do such high impact ideas come from? Are some search processes significantly more likely to lead to breakthrough idea generation than others? In this research, we compare “high impact” papers from the social sciences with random-but-matched articles published in the same journals in the same years. We find that search scope, search depth, and atypical connections between different research domains significantly increase a paper’s impact, even when controlling for the experience and prior publishing success of the author(s).

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2263036_code341752.pdf?abstractid=2263036&mirid=3

Recombinant Search and Breakthrough Idea Generation: An Analysis of High Impact Papers in the Social Sciences

The paper describes a project to add value to controlled vocabularies by making inter-vocabulary associations. A methodology for mapping terms from one vocabulary to another is presented in the form of a case study applying the approach to the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Thesaurus and the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Our approach to mapping involves encoding vocabularies according to Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) standards, machine matching of vocabulary terms, and categorizing candidate mappings by likelihood of valid mapping. Mapping data is then stored as machine links. Vocabularies with associations to other schemes will be a key component of Web-based terminology services. The paper briefly describes how the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is used to provide access to a vocabulary with mappings.

Vocabulary Mapping for Terminology Services

This article presents the results of our exploration of the Dewey Decimal Classification (Dewey) as a concept definition source for the Scorpion project. Particularly, we show that Dewey demonstrates a high degree of class integrity and thus is a good knowledge base for an automatic subject assignment tool. 1. Electronic chaos and classification With the advent of desktop publishing and the World Wide Web (WWW), the volume of electronically available information has severely strained the ability of current tools to effectively manage access to it. Even the application of advanced information retrieval techniques like ranked retrieval has not provided the solution; it is a common occurrence to retrieve hundreds of documents for a query using one of the free search services available via the WWW. This is clearly an unacceptable solution for most people seeking information electronically. One solution to the information access problem is to partition the data into smaller chunks using a classifictio~ scheme. Librarians have been using classification schemes for centuries to succinctly describe resources. They provide a uniform means for denoting the primary topic of a resource so it can be grouped with similar items. One can then go to where those items are located and browse among them to find the particular information desired. This also applies to information stored electronically, for example, one can go to a database of similar items to search for items of interest. While classification schemes provide an efficient mechanism for grouping similar items other approaches can also be applied to bring out subjects not indicated by the class number. Librarians commonly use sr&ect headings from authoritative lists like the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) or the Sears List of Subject Headings to more fully denote the content of an item. 2. Scorpion and Dewey OCLC has initiated the Scorpion research project to address the challenge of applying classification schemes and subject headings cost effectively to electronic information. A thesis of Scorpion is that the Dewey Decimal Classiification can be used to perform automatic subject assignment for electronic items. (Similar work using the Library of Congress Classification has been performed by Larson. His paper, -921, presents a good summary of previous research in this

Evaluating Dewey concepts as a knowledge base for automatic subject assignment

SUMMARY The enormous volume and rapid growth of resources available on the World Wide Web and the emergence of numerous metadata schemes have spurred a re-examination of the way subject data is to be provided for Web resources efficiently and effectively. For the Dublin Core metadata record, a new approach to subject vocabulary is being investigated. This new method, called FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology), is based on the existing vocabulary in Library of Congress Subject Headings (LC), but applied with a simpler syntax than that currently used by libraries according to Library of Congress application policies. In the FAST system, non-topical (i.e., geographic, chronological, and form) data are separated from topical data and placed in different elements provided in the Dublin Core metadata record.

A Faceted Approach to Subject Data in the Dublin Core Metadata Record

From the Publisher:
Using Subject Headings for Online Retrieval is an indispensable tool for online system designers who are developing new systems or refining existing ones. The book describes subject analysis and subject searching in online catalogs, including the limitations of retrieval, and demonstrates how such limitations can be overcome through system design and programming. The book describes the Library of Congress Subject Headings system and system characteristics, shows how information is stored in machine-readable files, and offers examples of and recommendations for successful retrieval methods. Tables are included to support these recommendations, and diagrams, graphs, and bar charts are used to provide results of data analysis. Practitioners in institutions using or considering the installation of an online catalog will refer to this book often to generate specifications. Researchers in library systems, information retrieval, and user behavior will appreciate the book's detailing of the results of an extensive, empirical study of the subject terms entered into online systems by end users. Using Subject Headings for Online Retrieval also addresses the needs of advanced students in library schools and instructors in library automation, information retrieval, cataloging, indexing, and user behavior.

Diane Vizine-Goetz

Papers

Vocabulary Mapping for Terminology Services

Evaluating Dewey concepts as a knowledge base for automatic subject assignment

A Faceted Approach to Subject Data in the Dublin Core Metadata Record

Using Subject Headings for Online Retrieval: Theory, Practice, and Potential

FAST: Faceted Application of Subject Terminology