The environmental fate of phthalate esters: A literature review

Using field-collected periphyton and bacterial isolates, we determined adaptation lag periods for microbial transformation of p-cresol Lag periods were longer for periphyton samples collected from field sites that were low in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus Moreover, lag periods decreased in samples amended with N or P Our data suggest that adaptation lag periods for microbial transformation of low concentrations of chemicals may correlate with limiting nutrient concentrations, and this correlation may provide a basis for predictive mathematical modeling of lag periods

Nutrient limitation and adaptation of microbial populations to chemical transformations.

DIETHYL PHTHALATE ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. DIETHYL PHTHALATE iii UPDATE STATEMENT A Toxicological Profile for Diethyl Phthalate was released on November 1993. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary, but no less than once every three years. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: V FOREWORD This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in support of Department of Defense information needs. The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance being described. Each profile identifies and reviews the key literature (that has been peer-reviewed) that describes a hazardous substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. Each toxicological profile begins with a public health statement, which describes in nontechnical language a substance's relevant toxicological properties. Following the public health statement is information concerning levels of significant human exposure and, when known, significant health effects. The adequacy of information to determine a substance's health effects is described in a health effects summary. Data needs that are significant to protect public health will be identified by ATSDR and the EPA. The focus of the profiles is on health and toxicologic information; therefore, we have included this information in the beginning of the document. Each profile must include the following: (A) The examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic information and epidemiologic evaluations on a hazardous substance in order to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute, and chronic health effects. (B) A determination of whether adequate information on the health effects of each substance is available or in the process of development to determine levels of exposure that present a significant risk to human health of acute, subacute, and chronic health effects. (C) When appropriate, identification of toxicologic testing needed to identify the …

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Toxicological profile for diethyl phthalate

Bioslurry phase degradation of di-ethyl phthalate (DEP) contaminated soil in periodic discontinuous mode operation: Influence of bioaugmentation and substrate partition

Transformation rates of an insecticide, methyl parathion, in pure cultures of Flavobacterium sp. followed multiphasic kinetics involving at least two systems (I and II). System I was a high-affinity, low-capacity system, and system II was a low-affinity, high-capacity system. Data from rate experiments suggested that metabolites formed via system II inhibited system I such that only one system operated at a time. System I operated at approximately 20 μg liter−1 and less; system II operated at approximately 4 mg liter−1 and less. These results show that xenobiotic chemicals, like naturally occurring substrates, can be transformed via multiple uptake and transformation systems even by a pure culture. Furthermore, computer simulation models of pollutant transformation rates based on kinetic constants determined in this study show that large errors can occur in predicted rates when the multiphasicity of kinetics is neglected.

DL Lewis

Papers

Comparison of Microbial Transformation Rate Coefficients of Xenobiotic Chemicals Between Field-Collected and Laboratory Microcosm Microbiota