. Conservation and preservation of heritage buildings require the knowledge and sharing of a great deal of data and information about buildings. Such information comes from the different disciplines involved in the restoration and maintenance processes. The integration and use of all this information in a single working environment is a key factor for the success of historical building conservation and management projects. Heritage (or Historic) Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is nowadays the most appropriate tool to collect and manage all data related to Architectural Heritage. The HBIM process requires an in-depth knowledge of the historical building that can be achieved using a detailed 3D survey and adequate parametric modelling. For this reason, the Scan-to-BIM approach, which involves creating the BIM model from a laser scanner survey, is widely used. The work focuses on the application of the Scan-to-BIM process to a historical/archaeological building in Palermo (Italy), the Castle of Maredolce. The work aims to obtain an HBIM of the building but the paper deals also with the survey issues and the modelling challenges, focusing on the different modelling approach between parametric and not-parametric architectural elements. The most difficult challenge of the modelling step was to obtain parametric objects of the complex geometries of the historical building. The work has allowed achieving the HBIM of the Castle of Maredolce and has highlighted some issues and advantages of the Scan-to-BIM approach.

/pdf/scan-to-bim-for-the-management-of-heritage-buildings-the-3i5a2lz91w.pdf

SCAN-TO-BIM for the MANAGEMENT of HERITAGE BUILDINGS: The CASE STUDY of the CASTLE of MAREDOLCE (PALERMO, ITALY)

Building information modelling (BIM) is evolving significantly in the architecture, engineering and construction industries. BIM involves various remote-sensing tools, procedures and standards that are useful for collating the semantic information required to produce 3D models. This is thanks to LiDAR technology, which has become one of the key elements in BIM, useful to capture a semantically rich geometric representation of 3D models in terms of 3D point clouds. This review paper explains the ‘Scan to BIM’ methodology in detail. The paper starts by summarising the 3D point clouds of LiDAR and photogrammetry. LiDAR systems based on different platforms, such as mobile, terrestrial, spaceborne and airborne, are outlined and compared. In addition, the importance of integrating multisource data is briefly discussed. Various methodologies involved in point-cloud processing such as sampling, registration and semantic segmentation are explained in detail. Furthermore, different open BIM standards are summarised and compared. Finally, current limitations and future directions are highlighted to provide useful solutions for efficient BIM models.

/pdf/scanning-technologies-to-building-information-modelling-a-1m9so8qk.pdf

Scanning Technologies to Building Information Modelling: A Review

Laser scanning data processing is widely used to solve regional planning problems in a GIS environment including Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) analysis and ground surface reconstruction. Some gaps in algorithms for processing of raw laser scanning data during DTM creation are analyzed. Algorithms for filtration, triangulation and defragmentation of laser scanning point clouds are proposed. Advantages and disadvantages of the algorithms proposed are discussed. The proposed triangulation algorithm is used for defragmentation of laser scanning point clouds into semantic component parts. Defragmentation includes recognition of engineering objects and other objects of the terrain, and their delineation. The results of real problems’ solutions described in the paper show the robustness of the proposed algorithms.

Algorithms of Laser Scanner Data Processing for Ground Surface Reconstruction

Digital twins of complex technical systems for management of built environment

Integration of digital twin and BIM technologies within factories of the future

. In this paper we proposed a methodology that describes the major steps of a scan-to-BIM process. The methodology includes six steps: (1) classification of considered elements, (2) definition of required level of detail (GI), (3) scan data acquisition, (4) point cloud registration and segmentation, (5) as-built BIM creation and (6) analysis. The examples of the application of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by creation of as-built BIM models for existing industrial sites and historic buildings. As the results of these case studies have shown, the proposed methodology can be used for as-built BIMs without any prior information.

https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-5-W2/1/2019/isprs-archives-XLII-5-W2-1-2019.pdf

Scan-to-bim methodology adapted for different application

In this article the analysis of gaps in processing of raw laser scanning data and results of bridging the gaps discovered on the base of usage of laser scanning data for historic building information modeling is presented. The results of the development of a unified hybrid technology for the processing, storage, access and visualization of combined laser scanning and photography data about historical buildings are analyzed. The first result of the technology application for the historical building of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University shows reliability of the proposed approaches.

/pdf/hybrid-processing-of-laser-scanning-data-3lx0j4wgus.pdf

Hybrid processing of laser scanning data

. Problems of processing of point clouds of airborne laser scanning using different software for Smart City projects are considered. Results of comparison of suitable software on the base of a test point cloud are presented. For comparison we had chosen a criterion for how results of point cloud processing can be used in the smart city application. The following software were chosen for comparison: Erdas IMAGINE, ENVI Lidar, TerraSolid (without Terraslave), GlobalMapper, Autodesk InfraWorks. Comparison have been conducted in qualitative and quantitative terms. The results presented allowed us to create recommendations on the usage of specific software for airborne laser scanning data processing for Smart City projects.

/pdf/comparison-of-software-for-airborne-laser-scanning-data-3eebwp5oi1.pdf

Comparison of software for airborne laser scanning data processing in smart city applications

Analyses of gaps in processing of raw laser scanning data and results of bridging the gaps discovered on the basis of usage of laser scanning data for historic building information modelling are presented. Some results of the development of a unified hybrid technology for the processing, storage, access and visualization of combined laser scanning and photography data about historical buildings are analyzed. The first result of the technology application to historical building of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University shows the robustness of the approaches proposed.

/pdf/extracting-features-from-laser-scanning-point-cloud-5e9wjevpad.pdf

Dmitry Zotov

Papers

Scan-to-bim methodology adapted for different application

Hybrid processing of laser scanning data

Comparison of software for airborne laser scanning data processing in smart city applications

Extracting features from laser scanning point cloud

Features of information modeling of cultural heritage objects