A surface cleaning apparatus comprises a body including a rear compartment, a forward compartment and an intermediate compartment arranged between the rear and forward compartments. An elongate rotatable brush arrangement is positioned within and extends across the forward compartment. An electric motor is positioned in the rear compartment, and drive means extends between the rotatable brush arrangement and the electric motor.

Surface cleaning apparatus

Systems and methods for encoding multiple video streams in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In one embodiment, a source encoder configured to encode source video as a number of alternative video streams includes a parallel processing system configured to collect statistics on source video data and write the statistics to shared memory in a first pass through received multimedia content, determine initial encoding information for source video data and write the initial encoding information to shared memory during the first pass, encode the source video data in parallel using collected statistics and initial encoding information to produce a plurality of alternative video streams during a second pass, and parallel encoding processes are configured to reuse additional encoding information that has already been determined for a portion of video and to generate additional encoding information that has not already been determined for a portion of video.

Systems and Methods of Encoding Multiple Video Streams for Adaptive Bitrate Streaming

A value of one or more Lagrangian multipliers is adaptively estimate and update based, at least in part, on the video source statistics or dynamic programming. Methods, techniques, and systems involve determining a first Lagrangian multiplier with a video encoder, and updating a second Lagrangian multiplier with the first Lagrangian multiplier. The system can include a Lagrangian multiplier Estimation Module that estimates the Lagrangian multiplier, and a Lagrangian multiplier Update Module that updates the current Lagrangian multiplier using the estimated Lagrangian multiplier. The Online Lagrangian Multiplier Estimation Module may function with Rate Distortion Slope Estimation with Rate Distortion Optimized Mode Decision; Rate Distortion Slope Estimation with Local Approximation; Rate Distortion Slope Estimation with Local Information; or Rate Distortion Slope Estimation with Global Information. The Lagrangian Multiplier Update Module may function with Direct Update; Step Size Update; Sliding Window Update; or Periodical Update.

Adaptive video encoder control

A method for encoding source video as alternative video streams includes collecting statistics on source video data and writing statistics to shared memory in a first pass through received multimedia content, where the statistics include complexity measures of blocks of pixels, determining initial encoding information for source video data and writing initial encoding information to shared memory during the first pass, encoding the source video data in parallel using collected statistics and initial encoding information to produce alternative video streams during a second pass, and parallel encoding processes reuse additional encoding information that has already been determined for a portion of video and generate additional encoding information that has not already been determined for a portion of video, where the additional encoding information includes quantization parameters for blocks of pixels.

Systems and methods of encoding multiple video streams with adaptive quantization for adaptive bitrate streaming

Computer-implemented rate control in encoding one or more video pictures is disclosed. A quantization parameter (QP) to be used for encoding a current picture one of the one or more video pictures is determined using rate control data that takes picture type, picture complexity, and a target bitcount into account in determining the QP. The current picture is encoded into a compressed format using the QP to generate an encoded current picture. The rate control data is updated based on statistical data determined from the encoded current picture.

Picture-level rate control for video encoding

A video encoder controlling rate of each frame in a current frame set (Group of Picture, GOP), and method thereof. The video encoder comprises a frame grouping device, a GOP initialization device, and a GOP encoding device. The frame grouping device allocates a target bit budget R GOP to the current frame set. The GOP initialization device is coupled to the frame grouping device, and estimates a first quantization parameter QP 1 based on the target bit budget R GOP and complexity of the current frame set. The GOP encoding device is coupled to the GOP initialization device, and encoding a frame in the current frame set with the second quantization parameter QP 2 to generate output data.

Rate control method with frame-layer bit allocation and video encoder

A video encoder, determining a Group of Picture (GOP) structure and a method thereof. The video encoder comprises an input frame buffer, an I-frame module and a P-frame module. The input frame buffer receives and stores input frames. The I-frame module coupled to the input frame buffer identifies an I-frame based on a correlation between two consecutive input frames to obtain the GOP size. The P-frame module coupled to the input frame buffer and the I-frame module, determines P-frames in the GOP having the GOP size based on the GOP rate.

Method and apparatus for adaptive gop structure determination

A video encoder controlling rate of each frame in a current frame set (Group of Picture, GOP), and method thereof The video encoder comprises a frame grouping device, a GOP initialization device, and a GOP encoding device The frame grouping device allocates a target bit budget RGOP to the current frame set The GOP initialization device is coupled to the frame grouping device, and estimates a first quantization parameter QP1 based on the target bit budget RGOP and complexity of the current frame set The GOP encoding device is coupled to the GOP initialization device, and encoding a frame in the current frame set with the second quantization parameter QP2 to generate output data

Do Kyoung Kwon

Papers

Rate control method with frame-layer bit allocation and video encoder

Method and apparatus for adaptive gop structure determination

Data rate control method and video signal encoder