The genomic region cosegregating with the genic male-sterile ms
 1
 gene of Capsicum annuum L. was delimited to a region of 869.9 kb on chromosome 5 through fine mapping analysis. A strong candidate gene, CA05g06780, a homolog of the Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY 1 gene that controls pollen development, was identified in this region. Genic male sterility caused by the ms
 1
 gene has been used for the economically efficient production of massive hybrid seeds in paprika (Capsicum annuum L.), a colored bell-type sweet pepper. Previously, a CAPS marker, PmsM1-CAPS, located about 2–3 cM from the ms
 1
 locus, was reported. In this study, we constructed a fine map near the ms
 1
 locus using high-resolution melting (HRM) markers in an F2 population consisting of 1118 individual plants, which segregated into 867 male-fertile and 251 male-sterile plants. A total of 12 HRM markers linked to the ms
 1
 locus were developed from 53 primer sets targeting intraspecific SNPs derived by comparing genome-wide sequences obtained by next-generation resequencing analysis. Using this approach, we narrowed down the region cosegregating with the ms
 1
 gene to 869.9 kb of sequence. Gene prediction analysis revealed 11 open reading frames in this region. A strong candidate gene, CA05g06780, was identified; this gene is a homolog of the Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY 1 (MS1) gene, which encodes a PHD-type transcription factor that regulates pollen and tapetum development. Sequence comparison analysis suggested that the CA05g06780 gene is the strongest candidate for the ms
 1
 gene of paprika. To summarize, we developed a cosegregated marker, 32187928-HRM, for marker-assisted selection and identified a strong candidate for the ms
 1
 gene.

Fine mapping of the genic male-sterile ms 1 gene in Capsicum annuum L.

Molecular markers, as an efficient selection tool, have been and is being used for practical breeding program in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Recently, a lot of researches on inheritance and genetic analysis for quantitative traits including capsaicinoids, carotenoids, and sugar content in pepper are being performed worldwide. It has been also reported that QTL mapping is a necessary tool to develop molecular markers associated with the quantitative traits. In this study, we suggested a new method to construct a pepper genetic map using SNP (HRM) markers generated from NGS resequencing of female and male parents. Plant materials were C. annuum 'NB1' (female parent), C. chinense 'Jolokia' (male parent), and their F2 population consisting of 94 progenies. Sequences of 4.6 Gbp and 6.2 Gbp were obtained from NGS resequencing of 'NB1' and 'Jolokia', respectively. Totally, 4.29 million SNPs between 'NB1' and 'Jolokia' were detected and the 1.76 million SNPs were clearly identified. Among them, total 145 SNP (HRM) primer pairs covering pepper genetic map were selected, and the 116 SNP (HRM) markers of them were located on this map. Total distance of the map, which consisted of 12 linkage groups and matched with basic chromosome numbers of pepper, was 1,167.9 cM. According to the mapping result, we concluded that our mapping method was suitable to construct a pepper genetic map fast and accurately. In addition, the genetic map could be directly used for QTL analysis of traits different between both parents.

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Development of a genetic map of chili pepper using single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated from next generation resequencing of parents

Capsicum is a crop of tropic and subtropic regions of South America. It covers about 30 species, including ve main cultivated ones, namely, . annuum L., . frutescens L., C. chinense Jacq., . baccatum L. and C. ubescens Ruiz and Pav n [2]. According to the biological criteria, pepper is a perennial self-pollinating plant, but in Ukraine’s conditions it is a one-year plant, referred to optionally self-pollinating plants. Depending on weather conditions, transpollination may reach 40–60 %. Pepper owers may be pollinated both with its own pollen, and with the pollen of another plant, brought by an insect. Limp and bent owers are usually pollinated with the pollen of the same plant. Hot pepper is more likely to have cross-pollination, compared to sweet pepper [3].

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Papers

Allelism and Molecular Marker Tests for Genic Male Sterility in Paprika Cultivars