Showing papers by "Donald A. Goldmann published in 1989"
TL;DR: The risk of nosocomial infection in full term neonates cared for in well-baby nurseries can be minimized if personnel adhere to fundamental infection control principles.
36 citations
TL;DR: The development of rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnostic techniques has permitted documentation of viral respiratory pathogens and has led to increased understanding of the epidemiology of these organisms in the hospital, exemplified by studies of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized children.
Abstract: Surveillance studies generally have underestimated the importance of viruses in the pathogenesis of nosocomial respiratory tract infections. The development of rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnostic techniques has permitted documentation of viral respiratory pathogens and has led to increased understanding of the epidemiology of these organisms in the hospital. These advances are exemplified by studies of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized children. The pulmonary sequelae of RSV infection are particularly serious in neonates and in children with underlying cardiopulmonary disease or immunodeficiency. Virus is spread by direct hand contact with the secretions of infected patients or with contaminated objects in the patients' environment. Personnel may infect themselves by rubbing their eyes or nose with contaminated hands, thus becoming vectors in the transmission of RSV to patients under their care. Compliance with contact precautions, which requires the use of gloves and gown, dramatically reduces the incidence of nosocomial RSV infection. When children do become ill, ribavirin may ameliorate the disease. Immunological approaches to treatment and prevention are being examined.
22 citations
TL;DR: Heterologous protection against Escherichia coli K1 bacteremia with antibody to purified mannose-sensitive (MS) pili was demonstrated in a neonatal rat model and no protection was seen in pups suckled by dams immunized with MS pili having only 5% serological relatedness to the pili on the challenge strain.
Abstract: Heterologous protection against Escherichia coli K1 bacteremia with antibody to purified mannose-sensitive (MS) pili was demonstrated in a neonatal rat model. The serological relatedness of purified MS pili from 17 E. coli K1 clinical isolates was examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Five pilus serogroups were identified, with the pili in each group showing 50% or greater cross-reactivity with the typing serum of the group. The MS pili from 12 of 17 (70%) strains belonged to just two serogroups. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (dams) were immunized with purified pili, and their newborns (pups) were challenged with heterologous E. coli. Bacteremia was significantly reduced when the pili used for immunization were from the same serogroup as the pili expressed by the challenge bacteria. Thus, immunization with C94 pili and challenge with E03 (71% cross-reactivity) or E04 (50% cross-reactivity) resulted in bacteremia rates of 12 of 17 (17%) versus 51 of 79 (65%) in controls and 0 of 75 (0%) versus 28 of 70 (40%) in controls, respectively (P less than 0.001 for each comparison). With lower cross-reactivity, less protection was observed (P less than 0.05 for 22 to 37% pilus serological relatedness). No protection was seen in pups suckled by dams immunized with MS pili having only 5% serological relatedness to the pili on the challenge strain.
10 citations
TL;DR: It has been little more than four years since the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was definitively associated with acquired immunodficiency syndrome (AIDS), and an over whelming body of evidence indicates that a retrovirus is responsible.
Abstract: It has been little more than four years since the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was definitively associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although a few holdouts still insist that the true cause of AIDS has not yet been found, an overwhelming body of evidence indicates that a retrovirus is responsible. The human retroviruses can be classified into transforming retroviruses (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) and cytopathic retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2). As their name suggests, the cytopathic viruses rapidly lyse cells, but it is now clear that they do not lyse all of the cell types that they infect. Many
1 citations