Liquid in which oxygen-containing gas is to be dissolved is pumped through a main and distributed into faster-moving subsidiary streams Each subsidiary stream passes through a turbulence-inducing means and air or oxygen is introduced into the turbulent region of alternate streams The relative proportions of air to oxygen introduction are varied so as economically and efficiently to oxygenate the liquid The gas-containing liquid passes through nozzles back into the volume of the liquid at sufficient velocity to cause further turbulence, making gas bubbles shear into smaller bubbles and also agitating the body of liquid

Dissolution of gas

An absolute proportioning pumping system includes an electric motor assembly powering a first pump at a first flow rate and powering a second pump at a second flow rate. A proportioned fluid output includes a first fluid pumped by the first pump and a second fluid pumped by the second pump. The pumping system provides a desired ratio of the first fluid to the second fluid at the proportioned fluid output, relatively independently of pressure and flow rate at the output. In accord with further embodiments, a pump and motor assembly is mounted to and generally surrounded by a liquid tank. The pump and motor assembly may include a pair of fixed ratio outputs driven from a common motor, or may include a single variable output pump either slaved to a master pump or controlled through a timed bypass valve to control output flow rate.

Proportioning pump, control systems and applicator apparatus

A cleaning apparatus which comprises a spray cleaning arrangement capable of even cleaning of devices. The cleaning arrangement is disposed within a housing, and is directed towards a conveyor belt, which transports the device to be cleaned across the various wash, rinse and drying zones of the apparatus. At least one spray wand is provided for the circulation of a wash fluid having at least one row of holes disposed longitudinally thereacross for releasing the wash fluid onto the device to be washed. The spray wand has a decreasing internal traverse cross-sectional area from one end to the second end such that a substantially uniform internal pressure is maintained between the two ends during washing. The holes on the spray wands are preferably microtunnels which can be disposed at high density along the spray wand. The spray wand can also be rotated such that the direction of spray may be adjusted. The various wash, rinse and drying zones are ideally designed as modules with their own conveyor belts, such that contamination due to fluid carry-over is minimized. A top guiding system is also provided directional control to the moving devices.

Method and apparatus for washing and drying semi-conductor devices

An improved apparatus for and method of aerating fish ponds utilizes a portable, wheel mounted, tractor drawn and driven pumping apparatus adapted to be backed into a pond to submerge the pump intake with the tractor remaining on the bank adjacent the water's edge. The pump is driven from the tractor power take-off to deliver a high volume, relatively low-pressure water output to a discharge manifold adapted to discharge the water in two opposed streams generally parallel to the bank of the pond and to simultaneously discharge water in an upward direction as a spray to absorb oxygen from the atmosphere before falling back into the pond. The apparatus can be easily moved and quickly positioned for emergency operation to aerate a pond and prevent fish, searching for oxygen in the shallow water at the edge of the pond, from beaching themselves and dying.

Method and apparatus for aerating fish ponds

The invention relates to a process for contacting a gas with a liquid, wherein the liquid to be contacted is led in the form of a central liquid jet leaving a nozzle through the space containing the gas to be contacted into the liquid to be contacted. In accordance with the process of the invention, a part of the gas and/or the liquid to be contacted, or the total amount of the gas, or a part of the liquid and the total amount of the gas are led onto the surface of the central liquid jet in the form of gas or liquid jets directed to the surface of the central liquid jet.

Process for contacting gases with liquids

A system for spray cooling large quantities of heated water has a plurality of spray forming means each consisting of a plurality of associated nozzles connected by piping to pumps, each of the associated nozzles having an outlet constructed and arranged to discharge the water in a coherent stream which impinges upon the stream ejected by each other associated nozzle in a common zone beyond the nozzle with a force which breaks the streams into a spray of drops having a resultant trajectory away from the nozzles into a receiver. The water may be aerated before discharge from the nozzles, this being effectively accomplished by means of air inlets to a venturi passage in each nozzle.

Donald Brooks Baker

Papers

Spray cooling system