Theories of alliance behavior and outcomes have tended to emphasize either partner or relationship characteristics. This study integrates the two perspectives and examines their separate and combin...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/256890.pdf

The Effects of Partner and Relationship Characteristics On Alliance Outcomes

I reviewed the published empirical evidence concerning journal peer review, which consisted of 68 papers, all but three published since 1975. Peer review improves quality, but its use to screen papers has met with limited success. Current procedures to assure quality and fairness seem to discourage scientific advancement, especially important innovations, because findings that conflict with current beliefs are often judged to have defects. Editors can use procedures to encourage the publication of papers with innovative findings such as invited papers, early-acceptance procedures, author nominations of reviewers, results-blind reviews, structured rating sheets, open peer review, and, in particular, electronic publication. Some journals are currently using these procedures. The basic principle behind the proposals is to change the decision from whether to publish a paper to how to publish it.

Peer Review for Journals: Evidence on Quality Control, Fairness, and Innovation

This paper reviews the published empirical evidence concerning journal peer review consisting of 68 papers, all but three published since 1975. Peer review improves quality, but its use to screen papers has met with limited success. Current procedures to assure quality and fairness seem to discourage scientific advancement, especially important innovations, because findings that conflict with current beliefs are often judged to have defects. Editors can use procedures to encourage the publication of papers with innovative findings such as invited papers, early-acceptance procedures, author nominations of reviewers, structured rating sheets, open peer review, results-blind review, and, in particular, electronic publication. Some journals are currently using these procedures. The basic principle behind the proposals is to change the decision from whether to publish a paper to how to publish it.

/pdf/peer-review-for-journals-evidence-on-quality-control-2k28f87ihe.pdf

Inorganic nanowires are under intense research for large scale solar power generation intended to ultimately contribute a substantial fraction to the overall power mix. Their unique feature is to allow different pathways for the light absorption and carrier transport. In this publication we investigate the properties of a nanowire array acting as a photonic device governed by wave-optical phenomena. We solve the Maxwell equations and calculate the light absorption efficiency for the AM1.5d spectrum and give recommendations on the design. Due to concentration of the incident sunlight at a microscopic level the absorptivity of nanowire solar cells can exceed the absorptivity of an equal amount of material used in thin-film devices. We compute the local density of photon states to assess the effect of emission enhancement, which influences the radiative lifetime of excess carriers. This allows us to compute the efficiency limit within the framework of detailed balance. The efficiency is highly sensitive with respect to the diameter and distance of the nanowires. Designs featuring nanowires below a certain diameter will intrinsically feature low short-circuit current that cannot be compensated even by increasing the nanowire density. Optimum efficiency is not achieved in densely packed arrays, in fact spacing the nanowires further apart (simultaneously decreasing the material use) can even improve efficiency in certain scenarios. We observe absorption enhancement reducing the material use. In terms of carrier generation per material use, nanowire devices can outperform thin-film devices by far.

Light absorption and emission in nanowire array solar cells

Recent preclinical and clinical studies have proved the long-standing hypothesis that tumors elicit adaptive immune responses and that the antigens driving effective T-cell response are neoantigens, i.e., peptides that are generated from somatically mutated genes. Hence, the characterization of neoantigens and the identification of the immunogenic ones are of utmost importance for improving cancer immunotherapy and broadening its efficacy to a larger fraction of patients. In this review, we first introduce the methods used for the quantification of neoantigens using next-generation sequencing data and then summarize results obtained using these tools to characterize the neoantigen landscape in solid cancers. We then discuss the importance of neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockers, vaccination, and adoptive T-cell transfer. Finally, we give an overview over emerging aspects in cancer immunity, including tumor heterogeneity and immunoediting, and give an outlook on future prospects.

/pdf/neoantigens-generated-by-individual-mutations-and-their-role-sqwtiw3brg.pdf

Neoantigens Generated by Individual Mutations and Their Role in Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy.

As Spectrum's editors began the research that culminated in this annual review of a dozen major areas of technology, it quickly became clear that there would be not just one theme that would predominate, but at least two major ones. At the outset, it was evident that very large scale integration would be one topic of interest in a number of the sections of the issue. Its thread is found in several of the applications sections — computers and solid-state devices of course, but also communications, military and aerospace, and instrumentation.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6/6330208/06330221.pdf

Technology '80

It was through mere happenstance that Spectrum's editors learned ? by means of word propagated along the industry grapevine ? of a so-called electronic mouse (?le mouse electronique? were the exact words that reached our ears). Upon assigning our top investigative reporters to the task of finding out the true facts, we quickly found that in January the magazine Machine Design had indeed called for designers and constructors of ?electronique? mice to enter The Great Clock Climbing Contest. Contestants would be required to construct a mechanical mouse that could attempt to climb a vertical mesh screen (?le clock,? one supposes). Our disappointment came when it was hinted the mice would merely be battery-powered and, probably, electric-motor driven. No electronics here, our purist minds concluded.

Donald Christiansen

Papers

Technology '80

Spectral lines: Announcing the Amazing Micro-Mouse Maze Contest

Nurturing the open mind

Friendly second-sourcing

Electronics 1985