The instant invention is directed to an admixture, and its use in inhibiting scale and corrosion in aqueous systems, comprising: (a) a water-soluble polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 25,000, as determined by low angle laser light scattering, comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated sulfonic acid, or their salts, having a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, and (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of water-soluble polycarboxylates, phosphonates, phosphates, polyphosphates, metal salts and sulfonates. The instant invention is also directed to a method of inhibiting the formation of insoluble alluvial, metal oxide and metal hydroxide deposits in an aqueous system, comprising adding to the system at least 0.1 mg/l of a water-soluble polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 25,000, as determined by low angle laser light scattering, comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated sulfonic acid, or their salts, having a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1 and a phosphonate.

Synergistic scale and corrosion inhibiting admixtures containing carboxylic acid/sulfonic acid polymers

Disclosed are polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides which have been modified by treatment with a lactone to yield polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides wherein one or more of the basic nitrogens of the polyamino moiety is substituted with a hydrocarbylcarbonylalkylene group. The additives so disclosed are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils, gasolines, marine crankcase oils and hydraulic oils.

Modified succinimides (v)

This invention relates to a composition, comprising: (A) an acylated amine having a base number in the range of about 45 to about 90, said acylated amine being the product made by contacting (A)(I) at least one carboxylic acid acylating agent with (A)(II) at least one polyamine, said polyamine (A)(II) being selected from the group consisting of (A)(II)(a) a product made by contacting at least one hydroxy material with at least one amine, (A)(II)(b) an alkylene polyamine bottoms product, and (A)(II)(c) a product made by contacting a hydroxy material with an alkylene polyamine bottoms product; (B) a boron compound; and (C) an organic phosphorus acid or ester, or derivative of said phosphorus acid or ester. In one embodiment, this composition further comprises (D) a thiocarbamate. In one embodiment, this composition further comprises (E) a nitrogen-containing ester of a carboxy-containing interpolymer. These compositions are useful as additives for lubricants and functional fluids, and are particularly useful as additives for automatic transmission fluids for enhancing the torque characteristics such automatic transmission fluids.

Additive compositions for lubricants and functional fluids

An engine lubricant formulated as a complete crankcase motor oil or additive concentrate composed of a combination of chemical constituents including a base oil selected from a synthetic oil, a mineral oil or semi-synthetic base oil (hydrogenated oil) or combination thereof, an oil soluble molybdenum additive, a dispersant inhibitor containing zinc dithiophosphate, and viscosity index improvers and one or more seal swelling agents to lubricate the engine and recondition the seals of new and/or high mileage engines. Addition of a polyalphaolefin and/or one or more esters such as a diester or polyolester may also be utilized therein. The lubricant may be formulated as a complete engine oil crankcase lubricant, or concentrated into an additive for addition to conventional mineral oil based engine oil, synthetic engine oils, or blends thereof in an effective amount of up to 30 percent volume percent, typically from 20 to 25 percent by volume.

Lubricant and additive formulation

Fluid compositions that have enhanced thermal conductivity, up to 250% greater than their conventional analogues, and methods of preparation for these fluids are identified. The compositions contain at a minimum, a fluid media such as oil or water, and a selected effective amount of carbon nanomaterials necessary to enhance the thermal conductivity of the fluid. One of the preferred carbon nanomaterials is a high thermal conductivity graphite, exceeding that of the neat fluid to be dispersed therein in thermal conductivity, and ground, milled, or naturally prepared with mean particle size less than 500 nm, and preferably less than 200 nm, and most preferably less than 100 nm. The graphite is dispersed in the fluid by one or more of various methods, including ultrasonication, milling, and chemical dispersion. Carbon nanotube with graphitic structure is another preferred source of carbon nanomaterial, although other carbon nanomaterials are acceptable. To confer long term stability, the use of one or more chemical dispersants is preferred. The thermal conductivity enhancement, compared to the fluid without carbon nanomaterial, is somehow proportional to the amount of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes and/or graphite) added.

Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with graphite nanoparticles and carbon nanotube

POLYMERS OF ACRYLAMIDO SULFONIC ACIDS AND THEIR SALTS, ESPECIALLY 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID AND ITS SALTS, ARE USEFUL AS FLOCCULANTS FOR AQUEOUS SYSTEMS, ESPECIALLY IN COMBINATION WITH INORGANIC CO-FLOCCULANTS.

Water-soluble sulfonate polymers as flocculants

Oil-soluble acylated amine

N-3-Aminoalkyl propionamides with an ether substituent on the beta carbon atom are prepared by the reaction of analogous N-3oxohydrocarbon-substituted amides with an amine in the presence of a reducing agent, preferably hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst. The resulting compounds can be converted to acrylamides by pyrolysis in the presence of a strong base. The latter compounds may also be prepared by the reaction of an Alpha , Beta -unsaturated amine with an acrylonitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid. They are useful for improving dyeability of fiberforming polymers and may be polymerized to form compositions which improve paper strength and (in their quaternized form) are excellent flocculants.

Novel N-3-aminoalkyl amides, polymers thereof, and method for their preparation

Oil-soluble nitrogen composition

Novel additive compositions are provided comprising the reaction product of a mixture of reactants comprising (A) an unsubstituted or aliphatic hydrocarbon based substituted succinic acylating agent and (B) an ether amine. Fuels and lubricants containing said novel additive compositions are also described.

Donald I. Hoke

Papers

Water-soluble sulfonate polymers as flocculants

Oil-soluble acylated amine

Novel N-3-aminoalkyl amides, polymers thereof, and method for their preparation

Oil-soluble nitrogen composition

Acylated ether amine and lubricants and fuels containing the same