The Draize eye test.

An analytical approach for determining the environmental impact of machining processes

The effect of fennel essential oil on uterine contraction as a model for dysmenorrhea, pharmacology and toxicology study

Chemical composition, oral toxicity and antimicrobial activity of Iranian propolis

Ethanol-water (70:30 v/v) extracts from rice brans removed from seeds of two blackish-purple pigmented (Sanhaehyanghyulla and Suwon 415) and one nonpigmented (Chuchung) brown rice cultivars were evaluated for antioxidative, anti-tumor-promoting, and anticarcinogenic activities in chemical assays and in mammalian cells (human leukemia HL-60, marmoset B lymphoblastoid B95-8, and Chinese hamster V79 lung cells) by the following tests: inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity; chelation of ferrous ions; reduction of potassium ferricyanide; scavenging of superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and intracellular peroxides; inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide-induced mutagenesis; and inhibition of phorbol ester-induced tumor promotion. The extracts from the pigmented rice seeds had generally higher activities in all tests than did the extract from the nonpigmented variety. The results suggest that brans from pigmented rice varieties may provide a source of new natural antioxidants and anticarcinogens and that such rice cultivars with high antioxidative potential also provide a genetic resource for the development of new, improved rice cultivars that may make it possible to enhance both the nutritional and medical value of rice-based diets.

Antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities of rice bran extracts in chemical and cell assays.

Introduction Preliminary Considerations Introduction The Agent Being Tested The Vehicle Routes of Administration Species Pharmacokinetics/Toxicokinetics Biotransformation Diet Endpoints of Toxicity Animal Numbers Acute Toxicity Studies Purpose and Objectives Study Design Interpretation of Data Utility of the LD50 Studies Dermal Toxicity Studies Ocular Toxicity Studies Utility of Alternative Studies Conclusions Subchronic and Chronic Studies Introduction Experimental Design Evaluation of Results Carcinogenicity Studies Reproductive Toxicology Introduction Male Reproductive Toxicity Female Reproductive Toxicity Preimplantation Studies Teratogenicity Embryo Culture Harmonization Screening Tests Mutagenesis Carcinogenesis Introduction Mutagenesis Mutagenicity Testing with Prokaryotic Cell Systems Mutagenicity Testing with Eukaryotic Cell Systems In Vitro Mutagenicity Testing with Eukaryotic Cells In Vivo The Impossibility A Test for All Mutagens Carcinogenicity Testing Strategies for Limited Bioassays

Donald J. Ecobichon

Papers

The basis of toxicity testing