Example methods and apparatus to dynamically store network routes for a communication network are disclosed. A disclosed example method involves receiving data via a router having a first memory to store active routes and a second memory to store inactive routes. A destination address associated with the data is identified and in response to detecting that no destination address entry stored in the first memory matches the destination address associated with the data, a default route stored in the first memory is selected to forward the data using a multicast transport protocol.

Methods and apparatus to dynamically store network routes for a communication network

A network device for use in a networking system. The network device includes a packet processor adapted to receive control packets at a network port of the network device. The packet processor is also adapted to assign a CPU code to the control packets. The network device also includes a CPU in communication with the packet processor and a lookup table indexed by the CPU code and in communication with the packet processor. According to embodiments of the present invention, one or more entries in the lookup table define a rate limit in accordance with which packets characterized by the CPU code are delivered from the packet processor to the CPU.

Rate limiting per-flow of traffic to CPU on network switching and routing devices

A remote controlled multi-station irrigation system in which discrete radio signals are transmitted from a remote location for each different function to be performed. The system includes a controller with a central processor, individual station actuator circuits, and interface circuitry; a transmitter which preferably transmits in an FM dual tone multi-frequency format, and a receiver which decodes the transmitted signal to hexadecimal data. The controller is automatically converted from a local to a remote operating mode by the insertion of a connecting cable from the receiver. The controller can be operated in real time or programmed for future operation from a remote location. The receiver can also be adapted for conventional controllers by adding field actuator circuitry which is connected directly to the field wires, bypassing the controller during remote operation.

Remote controlled multi-station irrigation system with DTMF transmitter

A fibre channel switch element and method for routing fibre channel frames is provided. The switch element includes a receive segment that can add a virtual storage area network (“VSAN”) tagging header to frames that are received by the receive segment; and strip the VSAN tagging header before frames are sent to ports that do not support virtual fabric capability. The receive segment includes a table used for matching fabric extension parameters. An incoming frame's VSAN identity value is compared to a control word entry to generate a value used for routing the incoming frame. The table is used to determine if a frame is part of a virtual fabric. The routing table for each port is used to route frames and the routing table includes entries for supported virtual fabrics.

Method and system for using extended fabric features with fibre channel switch elements

A method for changing zoning in a fiber channel fabric is provided The method includes receiving zone date from a management module, wherein the zone data is received by a fiber channel switch; waiting for active Zone Set; and sending a merge request to neighboring switches The method also includes: sending Zone Merge Data Start message to the management module; sending new zone data to management module; and comparing the new zone data with current zone data The method also includes creating acceptance message for new zoning, wherein the management module creates the acceptance message

Zone management in a multi-module fibre channel switch

A statistical switching method is described. The method involving computing tags from a packet to identify the flow a packet belongs to, looking up the tag in a table to provide switching information and using the switching information to switch the packet without analyzing the whole packet. If there is no entry for the flow based on the tag generated from the packet, the packet is sent to a router for further analysis. When the analysis is complete the switching information is provided to the table. If a packet which computes the same tag arrives at the switch before the router has finished analyzing the first packet of the flow, the new packet is dropped. The statistical switch has a non-zero probability of misdirecting a packet due to the possibility that two packets belonging to different flows may produce the same tag. The statistical switch provides high-speed switching and routing capabilities at low cost.

Method for statistical switching

Apparatus and method for providing tone operating capability to a dial telephone is disclosed. The standard mouthpiece together with the original microphone of the dial telephone are removed. The present invention provides a replacement mouthpiece attached to the telephone in place of the standard mouthpiece. The replacement mouthpiece includes a relatively small microphone electrically coupled to the transmitter connections in the telephone and having a sound receiving element. A plurality of keyboard elements are located in the replacement mouthpiece generally around the sound receiving element of the microphone. The keyboard elements correspond to respective telephone operating digits and symbols and are adapted to be actuated by the user of the telephone.The replacement mouthpiece includes means for generating an output signal responsive to the actuated keyboard elements to operate the telephone. The generating means is electrically coupled to the transmitter connections when the replacement mouthpiece is attached to the telephone so that both the output of the microphone and the generated output signal are transmitted through the transmitter connections.

Telephone mouthpiece keyboard

A single-tone receiver for a device which only needs simple data which can be encoded in the seven or eight single tones which can be generated by an ordinary pushbutton telephone is provided. A telephone line interface circuit receives a signal from the telephone line. The input signal is not filtered to separate the high-frequency tones from the low-frequency tones prior to their detection. A zero crossing detector coupled to the telephone line interface detects zero crossings of a received single-tone input signal. A microprocessor coupled to the zero crossing detector counts the number of zero crossings in a period and compares the count to counts corresponding to each of the seven single-tone frequencies.

Donald M. Bellenger

Papers

Method for statistical switching

Telephone mouthpiece keyboard

Single tone telephone receiver