A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

Enzymatic biodiesel: Challenges and opportunities

An optimal continuous production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil in a packed-bed reactor was developed using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst in a tert-butanol solvent system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature, flow rate, and substrate molar ratio on the molar conversion of biodiesel. The results showed that flow rate and temperature have significant effects on the percentage of molar conversion. On the basis of ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions were as follows: flow rate 0.1 mL/min, temperature , and substrate molar ratio 1 : 4. The predicted and experimental values of molar conversion were % and %, respectively. Furthermore, the continuous process over 30 days showed no appreciable decrease in the molar conversion. The paper demonstrates the applicability of using immobilized lipase and a packed-bed reactor for continuous biodiesel synthesis.

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Continuous Production of Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel in a Packed-Bed Reactor: Optimization and Enzyme Reuse Study

http://sourcedb.xtbg.cas.cn/zw/lw/201312/P020131220579561830195.pdf

Ultrasound-enhanced conversion of biomass to biofuels

Biodiesel offers to be one of the renewable fuel that is in great demand due to hike in price and exploitation of various conventional resources. Biodiesel has gained wide attention as it emits less carbon monoxide and other pollutants. Biodiesel is known as mono-alkyl esters of long fatty acid, produced by transesterification in the presence of triglycerides and alcohol. The choice of catalyst and feedstock are the most important criteria for effective production of biodiesel. Catalyst and raw material selection play a significant role in the cost of biodiesel production. The heterogeneous catalyst offers a wide option for the catalytic selection because of its high selectivity and reusability characteristics. Recent advances in the field of catalytic technology for biodiesel production using nanosized catalyst is because of high stability over the repeated use. Nanocatalyst solves various bottleneck problem associated in the production of biodiesel. The present review is focused on various technologies and challenges linked to the production process, including some important aspects of feedstock selection. Thus the present review is maily focused on various catalytic technology used for biodiesel production using different production methods and potential feedstocks.

Trends in catalytic production of biodiesel from various feedstocks

Ultrasonic irradiation with vibration for biodiesel production from soybean oil by Novozym 435.

Microwave-assisted fatty acid methyl ester production from soybean oil by Novozym 435

Microwave-assisted enzymatic resolution of (R,S)-2-octanol in ionic liquid

Combination use of microwave irradiation as heating mode and ionic liquid (IL) as additives was employed in isomerization of xylose to xylulose by immobilized xylose isomerase. Both microwave irradiation and IL [EMIM][Cl], which was screened as the best medium for this reaction, were found to increase the enzyme activity and xylulose yield in isomerization reaction. And a further increase of enzyme activity and xylulose yield were observed by combination use of microwave irradiation and IL. A systematic screening and optimization of the reaction parameters in ILs under microwave irradiation of the isomerization were performed. Under the optimum reaction condition, xylulose was obtained at 68% yield in 3 h. Furthermore, increased thermal stability of immobilized xylose isomerase was also observed by combination use of microwave irradiation and IL. These results indicated that the combination use of microwave irradiation and IL was a fast and efficient method for enzymatic isomerization of xylose to xylulose.

Dongxiao Ma

Papers

Ultrasonic irradiation with vibration for biodiesel production from soybean oil by Novozym 435.

Microwave-assisted fatty acid methyl ester production from soybean oil by Novozym 435

Microwave-assisted enzymatic resolution of (R,S)-2-octanol in ionic liquid

Combination use of microwave irradiation and ionic liquid in enzymatic isomerization of xylose to xylulose