This article presents an introduction to the Health Belief Model (HBM). The HBM states that the perception of a personal health behavior threat is influenced by at least three factors: general health values, interest and concern about health; specific beliefs about vulnerability to a particular health threat; and beliefs about the consequences of the health problem. Once an individual perceives a threat to his health and is simultaneously cued to action, if his perceived benefits outweighs his perceived costs, then the individual is most likely to undertake the recommended preventive health action. Key words: health promotion, health belief model, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy. Content available only in Romanian.

Health Belief Model

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Health Behavior And Health Education Theory Research And Practice

With its discovery in 1920, the molecule vitamin D achieved prominence as a nutritionally essential vitamin important for calcium homeostasis, particularly in the intestine and bone. Then in 1932, the elucidation of vitamin D's chemical structure revealed that this vitamin was in fact a steroid. But it was not until the late 1960s that it was appreciated that the steroid vitamin D was a precursor of a new steroid hormone, 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3], that is produced by the kidney acting as an endocrine gland. The discovery in 1969 of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 initiated a two-decade-long proliferation of reports that collectively described the broad sphere of influence of the vitamin D endocrine system that is defined by the presence of the VDR in over 30 tissue/organs of man. The new genomic frontiers defined by the cellular presence of the VDR include the immune system's B and T lymphocytes, hair follicle, muscle, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and cancer cells. Unexpectedly in the mid 1980s, a new world of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-mediated rapid responses (RR) was discovered. These were responses that occurred too rapidly (minutes to an hour) to be explained as the simple consequence of the nuclear VDR regulating gene transcription. Some RR examples include the rapid intestinal absorption of calcium (transcaltachia), secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta-cells, opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ and Cl- channels in osteoblasts, and the rapid migration of endothelial cells. The question then arose as to whether there was a second receptor, apart from the nuclear VDR, which responded to the presence of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 to generate RR? After some false starts, it now appears that the classic VDR, long known to reside in the cell nucleus, in some cells is also associated with caveolae present in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the chemical properties of the conformationally flexible 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 allow it to generate different shaped ligands for the VDR that are selective either for genomic or for RR. This minireview summarizes a proposed conformational ensemble model of the VDR that provides insight into how different ligand shapes of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 acting through the VDR in different cellular locations can selectively mediate both genomic and RR.

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Minireview: vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy receptor. - eScholarship

Setelah sekian lama tak terdengar aktivitas Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) yang berskala nasional dan internasional di Indonesia; belum lama ini Depdiknas menyelenggarakan seminar dan lokakarya nasional PAUD. Aktivitas ini melibatkan beberapa direktur jenderal (dirjen), dari dirjen Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) yang membawahi direktorat PAUD, dirjen pendidikan tinggi, sampai dirjen mutu pendidikan dan tenaga kependidikan. Momentum yang dihadiri ratusan partisipan tersebut juga menghadir-kan pembicara yang berskala internasional; masing-masing Ms. Soo-Hyang Choi dari UNESCO atau tepatnya dari bagian Section for Early Childhood and Inclusive Education serta Marylou Hyson, Ph.D. dari NAEYC Was-hington DC selaku senior advisor for Research and Professional Practice. Diskusi dan perbincangan yang berkembang dalam forum seminar dan lokakarya tersebut telah dibuat rumusan; dan rumusan ini menjadi referensi pengembangan pendidikan anak usia dini di Indonesia.

Pendidikan anak usia dini

Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecological cancers worldwide and contributes in high mortality of Indonesian women. The efficacy of chemotherapy as a standart therapy for cervical cancer decreases because it frequenly rises adverse effects. Recent studies have found that metformin has a potential anticancer effect mostly through reduction of cyclin expression and activation of Activated Adenosine Monophosphate Kinase (AMPK). This study aimed to investigate the effect of metfomin on expression of cyclin D1 and p53 and apoptosis in HeLa cancer cell line. Methods: HeLa cells were treated with various doses of metformin and doxorubicin as a positive control. Cytotoxic effect of metformin was determined using the MTT assay. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess cyclin D1 and p53 expression and apoptosis levels of treated HeLa cells were analyzed using flowcytometry. Data of cyclin D1 expression was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Tamhane test, whilst ANOVA and Tukey post Hoc tests were used to analyze data of p53 and apoptosis level. The significant value was p< 0.05. Results: Metformin was able to inhibit proliferation of HeLa cells with IC50 60 mM. HeLa cells treated with 60 and 120 mM metformin had lower cyclin D1 expression than HeLa cells treated without metformin and reached a significant difference (p= 0.001). Moreover, 30 mM or higher doses of metformin increase significantly p53 expression (p< 0.001). Induction of apoptosis was observed in HeLa cells treated with all doses of metformin and reached statistically difference (p= 0.04 and p < 0.001). Conclusion: Metformin can modulate cyclin D1 and p53 expression in HeLa cancer cell line, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Other cyclin family members, CDK inhibitors and AMPK signaling should be further investigated in order to know mechanism of metformin action.

http://journal.waocp.org/article_88248_82720f9e76a77c2f600a0c134d80044c.pdf

Metformin Modulates Cyclin D1 and P53 Expression to Inhibit Cell Proliferation and to Induce Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Background : Hypertension is an important public health issue in developed and developing countries. The incidence of hypertension continues to rise to a serious level. Raising awareness of the seriousness of hypertension among peer groups may be an important factor for preventive health behavior. This study aimed to examine the used of health belief model for the analysis of factors affecting hypertension preventive behavior among adolescents. Sub jects and Method : This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. It was conducted at 5 Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Surakarta from April to May, 2017. A sample of 200 class X and XI SMK students aged 15-17 years was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension  preventive behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self efficacy, with perceived threat as a mediating variable. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis using SPSS AMOS 22. Results: Perceived threat (b=0.24, SE=0.07, p=0.002), perceived benefit (b=0.24, SE=0.10, p=0.021), self efficacy (b=0.40, SE=0.23, p=0.084), and cues to action (b=0.45, SE=0.15, p=0.003) showed direct positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived barrier (b=-0.26, SE=0.10, p=0.015) showed direct negative effect on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived susceptibility (b= 0.27, SE= 0.09, p=0.005), perceived seriousness (b=0.29, SE=0.09, p<0.001), and cues to action  (b=0.34, SE=0.13, p=0.008) showed indirect positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Conclusion: Hypertension preventive behavior is positively and directly affected by perceived threat, perceived benefit, self, and cues to action. The preventive behavior is negatively and directly affected by perceived barrier. Perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and cues to action indirectly and positively affect on hypertension preventive behavior. Keywords : health belief model, hypertension, preventive behavior, adolescents Correspondence: Rumeyda Chitra Puspita. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: rumeydacp@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287736044472. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(2): 183-196 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.02.08

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Health Belief Model for the Analysis of Factors Affecting Hypertension Preventive Behavior among Adolescents in Surakarta

It has been accepted that receptor-mediated action of steroid hormones depends on
both the receptor and the hormonal level. The mechanism of transcription by steroid
receptors is mediated by cofactors, which function as co-activators or co-repressors,
while their non-genomic actions depend on receptors localized to the cell membrane.
Recently, a number of environmental chemicals, which are now termed as endocrine
disruptors, have been identified, and their unwanted effects on our lives have become
serious problems all over the world. Their adverse effects on endocrine systems in
animals, mostly estrogenic or anti-estrogenic, have resulted in reproductive malfunction
and developmental disorders. Although aryl hydrocarbons exhibit estrogenic or anti-
estrogenic activity through specific interaction with aryl hydrocarbon receptors, other
chemicals seem to interact directly with estrogen receptors, α and β forms. In this
paper, we surveyed the most recent understanding of endocrine disruptors from the
viewpoint of steroid receptor systems. We suggest two potential mechanisms of action
for endocrine disruptors. Endocrine distruptors i) directly associate with steroid
receptor systems and/or ii) associate with the growth factor or the neurotransmitter
receptor systems, and then upregulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling
cascades, leading to the ligand-independent activation of steroid receptor systems. Using
these steroid receptor-dependent mechanisms, it appears that endocrine disruptors
disorder our endocrine systems. We have proposed future suggestions to further
understand endocrine disruptors from the viewpoint of steroid receptor systems.
Key words: endocrine disruptors; receptor-mediated actions; steroid hormones

http://eprints.uns.ac.id/832/1/196701041996011001di_01.pdf

Steroid Hormones and Endocrine Disruptors: Recent Advances in Receptor-Mediated Actions<

Background :  Diagnosis coding is a tool for identifying  and grouping  diseases , disorders, symp­toms , and other disease-related outcomes, such as poisoning, adverse effect of drugs and chemicals, injury. Diagnosis code can be used in policy making and costing medical care. Doctors, nurses, coding personnel, and medical record quality, may affect the quality of diagnosis coding. This study aimed to investigate factors that affects the quality of diagnosis coding at Dr. Moewardi Hospital , Surakarta . Subjects and Method : This was an analytic observational using cross sectional design. This study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. A total of 250 in patient medical record document at Dr. Moewardi Hospital were selected for the study by stratified random sampling .The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM). Results : Sub-specialistic doctor (b = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.33; p = 0.039), civil servant doctor (b = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.06 to 1.62; p =0.034), nurse working ≥ 5 years (b = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.42; p<0.001), significantly increased the quality of medical record. Coding personnel aged ≥ 40 years (b= 1.70; 95% CI = 0.64 to 2.77; p = 0.002), coding personnel working ≥ 5 years (b = 1.70; 95% CI= 0.98 to 2.42; p 0.001), and coding personnel has ≥ 5 times training (b = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.40 to 3.83; p <0.001), significantly increased the quality of diagnosis coding. Conclusion : Sub-specialistic doctor, civil servant doctor, nurse working ≥5 years , significantly increased the quality of medical record. Coding personnel aged ≥ 40 years, coding personnel working ≥ 5 years, and coding personnel has ≥ 5 times training , significantly increased the quality of diagnosis coding. Keywords : Quality of diagnosis coding, quality of medical record, doctor, nurse, coding personnel. Correspondence :  Warsi Maryati . School of Medical Records and Health, APIKES Citra Medika, Surakarta. Email: warsi_maryati @yahoo.com Journal of Health Policy and Management (2016), 1(2): 61-70 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2016.01.02.01

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Factors Affecting the Quality of Diagnosis Coding and Medical Record at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta

Some of causes of stunting are the deferment of early breastfeeding initiation and the administration of the non-exclusive breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to elaborate relationship of early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding administration history to the stunting. This sudy used the observational analytical research method with the cross-sectional design. Its subjects were 33 stunting and 77 non-stunting children aged 6-24 months in Boyolali Regency. Data was analyzed by using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. The stunting children who got the early breastfeeding initiation were 14, and those who did not get the early breastfeeding initiation were 19. The stunting children who got the exclusive breastfeeding were 4 and those who did not get the exclusive breastfeeding were 29. Early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding had a significant correlation with the stunting as indicated by the p-value <0.05. The children who did not get the early breastfeeding initiation have the possibility of 3.69 times higher to suffer from stunting than those who got the early breastfeeding initiation. In addition, the children who did not get the exclusive breastfeeding have the possibility of 9.5 times higher to suffer from stunting than those who got the exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, nutrition education to the gestational mothers on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding administration is required. ABSTRAK Penyebab masalah stunting antara lain akibat dari penundaan inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD), dan pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) tidak eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan IMD dan ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting. Penelitian observasional ini dilaksanakan di Boyolali dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional . Partisipan terdiri dari 33 anak stunting dan 77 anak tidak stunting berusia 6-24 bulan. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda. Partisipan anak stunting yang mendapatkan IMD sebanyak 14 orang dan tidak mendapatkan IMD sebanyak 19 orang. Anak stunting yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif sebanyak 4 orang dan yang tidak sebanyak 29 orang. Inisiasi menyusu dini dan ASI eksklusif memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,05). Anak yang tidak mendapatkan IMD memiliki kemungkinan 2,63 (1,02-6,82) kali lebih tinggi mengalami kejadian stunting , selain itu anak yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif memiliki risiko mengalami kejadian stunting 7,86 (2,43-25,4) kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan edukasi gizi kepada ibu hamil mengenai pentingnya pemberian ASI eksklusif.

Risiko inisiasi menyusu dini dan praktek asi eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak 6-24 bulan (early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding as risk factors of stunting children 6-24 months-old)

Dono Indarto

Papers

Metformin Modulates Cyclin D1 and P53 Expression to Inhibit Cell Proliferation and to Induce Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Health Belief Model for the Analysis of Factors Affecting Hypertension Preventive Behavior among Adolescents in Surakarta

Steroid Hormones and Endocrine Disruptors: Recent Advances in Receptor-Mediated Actions<

Factors Affecting the Quality of Diagnosis Coding and Medical Record at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta

Risiko inisiasi menyusu dini dan praktek asi eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak 6-24 bulan (early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding as risk factors of stunting children 6-24 months-old)