Chapter 3 – The Lens: Development, Proteins, Metabolism and Cataract

(1979). The Ah Locus: Genetic Regulation of the Metabolism of Carcinogens, Drugs, and Other Environmental Chemicals by Cytochrome P-450-Mediated Monooxygenase. CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 401-437.

The Ah locus: genetic regulation of the metabolism of carcinogens, drugs, and other environmental chemicals by cytochrome P-450-mediated monooxygenases.

Ion analyses of human cataractous lenses.

Novel Calcium-Binding Proteins

PURPOSE. Cortical cataract in humans is associated with Ca2+ overload and protein loss, and although animal models of cataract have implicated Ca2+-activated proteases in this process, it remains to be determined whether the human lens responds in this manner to conditions of Ca2+ overload. The purpose of these experiments was to investigate Ca2+-induced opacification and proteolysis in the organ-cultured human lens. METHODS. Donor human lenses were cultured in Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM) for up to 14 days. The Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin was used to induce a Ca2+ overload. Lenses were loaded with [H-3]-amino acids for 48 hours. After a 24-hour control efflux period, lenses were cultured in control EMEM (Ca2+ 1.8 mM), EMEM + 5 mu M ionomycin, or EMEM + 5 mu M ionomycin + 5 mM EGTA (Ca2+

A human lens model of cortical cataract: Ca2+-induced protein loss, vimentin cleavage and opacification

The rôle of calcium in senile cataract.

IT may appear a strange digression from clinical ophthalmology to discuss the action upon the eye of such an unphysiological substance as naphthalene. It has long been known, however, that dosage with this substance is a convenient method for the experimental production of cataract, especially in rabbits,' and as Burdon Cooper has pointed out (Doyne Memorial Lecture, 1922)\" Naphthalene cataract is one of the most important experimental cataracts, as of all the types it most resembles the subcapsular senile variety, and it gives us some indication where to look for the cause of the human disease.\" This view is being justified bv the fact that recent investigations of naphthalene cataract, performed from the biochemical standpoint, have yielded results which suggest that naphthalene may produce its effects through a metabolic disturbance rather than by any specific toxic action. The comparison of these biochemical changes with any which mav occur in human senile cataract has, however, yet to be made, in order to reveal any similarity between the two conditions. T'he lens is by no means the only intra-ocular structure which is

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The nature of the ocular lesions produced experimentally by naphthalene.

16. The same. \"Syphilis.\" Zum Gebrauch fiir Studierende und praktische Aerzte. Deutsche autorisierte Ausgabe, bearbeitet und durch Erlauterungen und Zusatze vermehrt von Arthur Kollmann. 12mo., Leipzig. Arnold, 1888. 17. \"The Life-Register\" (being a scheme for recording the events of a lifetime of 71 years). 12mo., London, 1888. 18. \"On urinary calculi; the lessons which they teach and the problems they suggest. \" Being the essay appended to the tenth fasciculus of the New Sydenham Society's \"Atlas of Pathology.\" Svo., London. West, Newman & Co., 1888. 19. \"The leprosy problem.\" Reprinted from Friends' Quarterly Examiner, 1890. 8vo., London. West, Newman & Co., 1890.

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A review of the literature on the crystalline lens.

earlier operations, to have accounted for permanent restriction of absorption cf aqueous from the sub-conjunctival wounds. It would be interesting to hear whether in other cases of this kind, unusual or prolonged post-operative reaction has been noticeable. There was no trouble of any kind after the final iris-inclusion operation, and the posterior synechiae were not noticed at all at the operation. They were evidently very fine, and broke down at once. The prolapsed iris has become fibrosed, but the elevation is much more sharply defined and higher than usual, owing to restricted lateral diffusion of aqueous.

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A case of ring sarcoma of the iris.

I1HE action of naphthalene on the animal body has been studied independently, by ophthalmologists who were interested in the production of cataract, and by chemists who studied the metabolism of naphthalene as being one of the carbocyclic compounds. Ihere is, however, an obvious opportunity for the biochemist to seek to correlate the two sides of the problem, for as I have already indicated in a previous paper (1930), the ocular lesions are in themselves of such a nature as to suggest that they may be due to a disturbance in the normal physiological balance of the body, rather than to a specific toxic action of naphthalene or of one of its derivatives. lt is true that until recently, the latter view has been the one more generally accepted, and the evidence for it must be recorded (see Section II), as well as considering the former and more attractive hypothesis. Although there is proof of the metabolism of naphthalene, so far no definite chemical toxin has been identified. On the other hand, a variation in some of the normal constituents of the blood

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Dorothy R. Adams

Papers

The rôle of calcium in senile cataract.

The nature of the ocular lesions produced experimentally by naphthalene.

A review of the literature on the crystalline lens.

A case of ring sarcoma of the iris.

A study of the correlation between the biochemical and intra-ocular changes induced in rabbits by the administration of naphthalene