Showing papers by "Dumitru I. Caruntu published in 2004"

3-D anatomically based dynamic modeling of the human knee to include tibio-femoral and patello-femoral joints.

Abstract: An anatomical dynamic model consisting of three body segments, femur, tibia and patella, has been developed in order to determine the three-dimensional dynamic response of the human knee. Deformable contact was allowed at all articular surfaces, which were mathematically represented using Coons' bicubic surface patches. Nonlinear elastic springs were used to model all ligamentous structures. Two joint coordinate systems were employed to describe the six-degrees-of-freedom tibio-femoral (TF) and patello-femoral (PF) joint motions using twelve kinematic parameters. Two versions of the model were developed to account for wrapping and nonwrapping of the quadriceps tendon around the femur. Model equations consist of twelve nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations coupled with nonlinear algebraic constraint equations resulting in a Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE) system that was solved using the Differential/Algebraic System Solver (DASSL) developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Model calculations were performed to simulate the knee extension exercise by applying non-linear forcing functions to the quadriceps tendon. Under the conditions tested, both "screw home mechanism" and patellar flexion lagging were predicted. Throughout the entire range of motion, the medial component of the TF contact force was found to be larger than the lateral one while the lateral component of the PF contact force was found to be larger than the medial one. The anterior and posterior fibers of both anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, ACL and PCL, respectively, had opposite force patterns: the posterior fibers were most taut at full extension while the anterior fibers were most taut near 90 degrees of flexion. The ACL was found to carry a larger total force than the PCL at full extension, while the PCL carried a larger total force than the ACL in the range of 75 degrees to 90 degrees of flexion.

On Non-Axisymmetrical Transverse Vibrations of Circular Plates of Convex Parabolic Thickness Variation

Abstract: This paper presents an approach for finding the solution of the partial differential equation of motion of the non-axisymmetrical transverse vibrations of axisymmetrical circular plates of convex parabolical thickness. This approach employed both the method of multiple scales and the factorization method for solving the governing partial differential equation. The solution has been assumed to be harmonic angular-dependent. Using the method of multiple scales, the partial differential equation has been reduced to two simpler partial differential equations which can be analytically solved and which represent two levels of approximation. Solving them, the solution resulted as first-order approximation of the exact solution. Using the factorization method, the first differential equation, homogeneous and consisting of fourth-order spatial-dependent and second-order time-dependent operators, led to a general solution in terms of hypergeometric functions. Along with given boundary conditions, the first differential equation and the second differential equation, which was nonhomogeneous, gave respectively so-called zero-order and first-order approximations of the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Any boundary conditions could be considered. The influence of Poisson’s ratio on the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Any boundary conditions could be considered. The influence of Poisson’s ratio on the natural frequencies and mode shapes could be further studied using the first-order approximations reported here. This approach can be extended to nonlinear, and/or forced vibrations.Copyright © 2004 by ASME

Exact Solutions for Transverse Vibrations of Beams and Plates of Parabolic Thickness Variation

Abstract: This paper presents the class of nonuniform beams and nonuniform axisymmetrical circular plates whose boundary value problems of free transverse vibrations and free transverse axisymmetrical vibrations, respectively, have been identified to be eigenvalue singular problems of orthogonal polynomials. Recent published results regarding a fourth order differential equation and eigenvalue singular problem of classical orthogonal polynomials allowed this study, which extends the class of nonuniform beams and circular nonuniform plates having exact solutions for the problem of free transverse vibrations. The geometry of the elements belonging to the class presented in this paper consists of beams convex parabolic thickness variation and polynomial width variation with the axial coordinate, and plates of convex parabolic thickness variation with the radius. Two boundary value problems of transverse vibrations of beams are reported: 1) complete beam (sharp at either end) with free-free boundary conditions, and 2) half-beam, i.e. a half of the symmetric complete beam, with the large end hinged and sharp end free. The boundary value problem of circular complete plate (zero thickness at zero and outer radii) with free-free boundary conditions has been also reported. For all these boundary value problems the exact mode shapes were Jacobi polynomials and the exact dimensionless natural frequencies were found from the eigenvalues of the eigenvalue singular problems of orthogonal polynomials.Copyright © 2004 by ASME