Raw starch degrading enzymes (RSDE) refer to enzymes that can directly degrade raw starch granules below the gelatinization temperature of starch. These promising enzymes can significantly reduce energy and simplify the process in starch industry. RSDE are ubiquitous and produced by plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, microbial sources are the most preferred one for large-scale production. During the past few decades, RSDE have been studied extensively. This paper reviews the recent development in the production, purification, properties, and application of microbial RSDE. This is the first review on microbial RSDE to date.

Recent Advances in Microbial Raw Starch Degrading Enzymes

Production and Characterization of Î±-Amylase from Aspergillus niger

Antibacterial activity and characterization of secondary metabolites isolated from mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis

Aspergillus species isolated from various seeds were screened for their ability to produce amylase. A selected strain, Aspergillus sp. JGI 12, showed the highest amylase activity in solid state fermentation. Different substrates were screened for enzyme production. Coconut oil cake, groundnut oil cake and rice bran were found to be very good substrates for enzyme production. Different combinations; wheat bran : groundnut oil cake : rice bran (1:2:2) was used which resulted in higher enzyme titre. This combination of substrates was used for further studies on amylase production and characterization. The enzyme amylase was found to be thermostable and active at wide range of pH.

https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379768534_Alva et al.pdf

Production and characterization of fungal amylase enzyme isolated from Aspergillus sp. JGI 12 in solid state culture

The study aimed at isolation and screening of fungal amylase producer, optimization of solid state fermentation conditions for maximum amylase production by the best amylase producer, and characterization of the crude amylases, so produced. Aspergillus fumigatus NTCC1222 showed the highest amylase activity (164.1 U/mL) in secondary screening under SSF conditions and was selected for further studies. The test strain showed maximum amylase production (341.7 U/mL) and supernatant protein concentration (9.7 mg/mL) for incubation period (6 days), temperature (35°C), initial pH (6.0), nutrient salt solution as moistening agent, and beef extract as nitrogen source. Pomegranate peel produced maximum amylase activity, but wheat bran (only slightly lesser amylase activity as compared to that of pomegranate peel) was chosen for further studies, keeping in mind the seasonal availability of pomegranate peel. TLC confirmed the amylase produced to be α-type and 60 kDa was the molecular weight of the partially purified amylase. The enzyme showed maximum enzyme activity at pH 6.0, temperature of 55°C, and incubation time of 60 minutes. UV (616.0 U/mL) and chemical (814.2 U/mL) mutation enhanced amylase activity as compared to wild test strain. The study indicates that Aspergillus fumigatus NTCC1222 can be an important source of amylase and the crude enzyme, hence obtained, can be cost effectively applied in multiple sections of textile wet processing.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/215748.pdf

Production of Fungal Amylases Using Cheap, Readily Available Agriresidues, for Potential Application in Textile Industry

Production of raw starch degrading amylase by a mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisae grown on sorghum pomace as nutrient source was investigated. Effect of mineral nutrient supplementation of sorghum pomace on raw starch degrading amylase activity was also determined. Sorghum pomace medium significantly (P Key words: Raw starch, Amylase, Aspergillus niger , Saccharomyces cerevisae , Sorghum pomace. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (8), pp. 785-784

/pdf/raw-starch-degrading-amylase-production-by-mixed-culture-of-4z3dv3b1bh.pdf

E A Abu

Papers

Raw starch degrading amylase production by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisae grown on sorghum pomace