Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction.

Sedimentary pyrite formation: An update

The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation

This article describes the use of a two-layer model to estimate the flux of various gases across the air-sea interface.

Flux of Gases across the Air-Sea Interface

The use of chromium reduction in the analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments and shales

Even granting our uncertainties about parts of our model of the sulfur cycle, we can draw some conclusions from it: 1) Man is now contributing about one half as much as nature to the total atmospheric burden of sulfur compounds, but by A.D. 2000 he will be contributing about as much, and in the Northern Hemisphere alone he will be more than matching nature. 2) In industrialized regions he is overwhelming natural processes, and the removal processes are slow enough (several days, at least) so that the increased concentration is marked for hundreds to thousands of kilometers downwind. 3) Our main areas of uncertainty, and ones that demand immediate attention because of their importance to the regional air pollution question, are: (i) the rates of conversion of H(2)S and SO(2) to sulfate particles in polluted as well as unpolluted atmospheres; (ii) the efficiency of removal of sulfur compounds by precipitation in polluted air. And for a better understanding of the global model we need to know: (i) the amount of biogenic H(2)S that enters the atmosphere over the continents and coastal areas; (ii) means of distinguishing man-made and biogenic contributions to excess sulfate in air and precipitation; (iii) the volcanic production of sulfur compounds, and their influence on the particle concentration in the stratosphere; (iv) the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns that exchange air between stratosphere and troposphere (although absolute amounts of sulfate particles involved are small relative to the lower tropospheric burden); (v) the role of the oceans as sources or sinks for SO(2).

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/175/4022/587.full.pdf

The Sulfur Cycle

Evidence that the fallout of iodine-131 in the Midwest during May 1962 originated in Nevada is provided by data on air trajectories, radioactivity in milk, and other findings. Selective escape of radioiodine from vented explosions, and the rapid transfer of iodine from the lower atmosphere to the biosphere, place, significance on even minor releases of radioactive fission products from subsurface nuclear explosions.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/143/3602/126.full.pdf

E. A. Martell

Papers

The Sulfur Cycle

Iodine-131 Fallout from Underground Tests II.