Corneal structure and transparency

Blood Flow in the Optic Nerve Head and Factors that may Influence it

Ausgewählte Kapitel aus der vergleichenden Physiologie des Labyrinthes. Die Augenmuskelreflexe beim Kaninchen und ihre Grundlagen

The role of age and cardiovascular disease in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Clinically the presence of nerve fibre bundle defects in glaucoma and non-glaucomatous lesions, and altitudinal or vertical hemianopias in pre-chiasmal lesions has been known for a long time. These suggest a sectoral lesion in the optic nerve or retina. In the majority of such cases, no retinal lesion is seen to account for these visual field defects. It has been presumed that the lesion lies in the optic nerve. Such a visual field defect can be produced only by a sectoral lesion. Most of these field defects are considered to be vascular in origin, but studies of the blood supply of the optic nerve have so far failed to demonstrate any segmental blood supply to the nerve which could explain them. The present study demonstrates such a sectoral blood supply in the optic nerve head and choroid and is of considerable significance in explaining the site of the lesion and the pathogenesis of these defects.

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/54/5/289.full.pdf

Pathogenesis of visual field defects. Role of the ciliary circulation.

One of the outstanding features of this remarkable "Handbuch" is the promptness with which its volumes are appearing. The new volume is the fourth and contains : "The Diseases of the Conjunctiva, Cornea and Sclera," which are described by Professor Schieck, of W\l=u"\rzburg Dr. Cramer, of Kottbus, contributes the part on the "Injuries and Occupational Diseases of the Eye," including the subject of "Compensation." "Sympathetic Diseases of the Eye" are treated by Professor Reis, of Bonn. "The Physiology and Pathology of Intra-Ocular Pressure and Glaucoma" are discussed by Professor Thiel, of Berlin. The part on the conjunctiva, cornea and sclera occupies one half of the volume. Professor Schieck has treated this important part in a masterly way, presenting the essentials and omitting nothing of importance, with many new and excellent illustrations, often in colors, pertinent slit-lamp findings and a brief bibliography. The second part on injuries and occupational diseases as they pertain to the eye was written by Dr. E. Cramer, of Kottbus, who unfortunately died in 1929; his nearly completed manuscript had to be revised and brought up to date by Dr. O. Thies, of Dessau. The subject is systematically treated and adequately illustrated, and a useful bibliography is appended. Burns and injuries by caustics are particularly well described and are evidence of the large experience gained by Dr. Thies in Dessau. An important chapter deals with workmen's compensation, a subject that is rapidly becoming of practical importance in all countries. That important and still obscure condition, sympathetic disease, is handled by Prof. W. Reis, of Bonn. After a description of sympathetic irritation, sympathetic ophthalmia is considered under the following headings : the conditions that lead to sympathetic inflammation, the clinical picture of sympathetic uveitis, sympathetic serous iritis, sympathetic papilloretinitis, retinal periphlebitis, retrobulbar neuritis, sympathetic chorioretinitis, detachment of the retina and secondary glaucoma. Pathology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment complete this unusually well written chapter. Professor Thiel, writing on the physiology and pathology of ocular pressure, first speaks of the normal height and variations of intra\x=req-\ ocular pressure; then he takes up the relation of ocular pressure to intracranial pressure, local blood pressure, general blood pressure, the constitution of the blood, internal secretion and the vegetative nervous system. This is a most timely exposition of a subject that at present is arousing a great deal of interest, and a better exponent than Thiel could not have been found, as his researches have covered many parts of this field. An excellent bibliography will be of great use to those working in this subject.

E. Cramer

Papers

Kurƶes Handbuch der Ophthalmologie: Dritter Band Orbita · Nebenhöhlen · Lider Tränenorgane Augenmuskeln Auge und Ohr