In a previous paper [ibid., vol. 72, pt. III, June 1953, pp. 562-71], the authors presented the results of a study of the performance of two interconnected steam-electric power-generating areas as affected by frequency and tie-line power controllers. The present paper extends this study to include hydroelectric power generating areas as well. As before, the object is to determine theoretically the best values of controller gains, that is, to find those controller settings that will result in best over-all system performance. The principal criterion of good performance is, also as before, the minimizing of any oscillations in tie-line power or system frequency resulting from load disturbances to either area. Thus, stability, rather than rapidity of response, is preferred, since the system actually is continually being disturbed by small and more or less random changes of load, rather than by the step load change used as a test disturbance in the study.

Tie-Line Power and Frequency Control of Electric Power Systems - Part II [includes discussion]

This paper explains the methods used by Manitoba Hydro to establish optimum settings on governors at all plants on the Winnipeg River. The main criteria for stable governing as selected are that each machine will be stable when supplying an isolated load, and that the calculated speed transient following a small load change will be almost critically damped. Methods of finding the values of compensation and dashpot time, and how these factors are measured and checked in the field, are described.

Optimum Adjustment of Hydro Governors on Manitoba Hydro System

Efect of Speed-Governor Dead Band on Tie-Line Power and Frequency Control Performance

During normal operation the prime-mover speed governors function principally as stabilizers, automatic power-frequency control taking over the job of maintaining tie-line power schedules, frequency, and time. The prime importance of dead band is reemphasized. During disturbances governors affect both frequency drop and relatively long-term power swings, but generation schedules are of equal importance in certain cases.

Effect of Prime-Mover Speed Control Characteristics on Electric Power System Performance

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/10669/4073860/04073891.pdf

Effect ofPrime-Mover Speed Control Characteristics onElectric Power System Performance

In the normal steady-state operation of a power system, proper load division, frequency, and time are maintained by manual or automatic system control, while the transient swings occasioned by load changes are absorbed by the inertias and speed governors of the individual generating units. With improvements in reliability and performance of systems and their interconnections, it is a natural development that further careful attention and study be given to the basic speed governors and their effects on system operation.1,5,6 It is desirable to determine the requirements which a good governing mechanism should fulfill, and the effects of specific governor and system characteristics on over-all system performance. Moreover, under certain conditions some governors may accentuate rather than reduce the magnitudes of the frequency swings, and it is desirable to know the conditions for which this may occur.

E. E. Parker

Papers

Effect of Prime-Mover Speed Governor Characteristics on Power-System Frequency Variations and Tie-Line Power Swings