Flies are among the most agile flying creatures on Earth To mimic this aerial prowess in a similarly sized robot requires tiny, high-efficiency mechanical components that pose miniaturization challenges governed by force-scaling laws, suggesting unconventional solutions for propulsion, actuation, and manufacturing To this end, we developed high-power-density piezoelectric flight muscles and a manufacturing methodology capable of rapidly prototyping articulated, flexure-based sub-millimeter mechanisms We built an 80-milligram, insect-scale, flapping-wing robot modeled loosely on the morphology of flies Using a modular approach to flight control that relies on limited information about the robot's dynamics, we demonstrated tethered but unconstrained stable hovering and basic controlled flight maneuvers The result validates a sufficient suite of innovations for achieving artificial, insect-like flight

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/340/6132/603.full.pdf

Controlled Flight of a Biologically Inspired, Insect-Scale Robot

School reform and transitions in teacher professionalism and identity

This article raises questions about current educational reform efforts now underway in a number of nations. Research from a number of countries is used to document some of the hidden differential effects of two connected strategies—neo-liberal inspired market proposals and neo-liberal, neo-conservative, and middle class managerial inspired regulatory proposals, including national curricula and national testing. This article describes how different interests with different educational and social visions compete for dominion in the social field of power surrounding educational policy and practice. In the process, it documents some of the complexities and imbalances in this fiel do f power. These complexities and imbalances result in “thin” rather than “thick” morality and tend toward the reproduction of both dominant pedagogical and curricular forms and ideologies and the social privileges that accompany them.

Creating Difference: Neo-Liberalism, Neo-Conservatism and the Politics of Educational Reform

In this article, I pay particular attention to some of the most important dynamics surrounding globalisation in education— the increasingly powerful discourses and polices of neo- liberalism concerning privatisation, marketisation, performativity, and the ' enterprising individual' . While I demonstrate the truly international effects of neo-liberal policies— and the differential realities they tend to produce in real schools— I also suggest that we cannot simply read off the effects of these policies in the abstract. Their uses and effects are historically contingent. They are at least partly dependent on the balance of forces in each nation and on the histories of the ways progressive tendencies have already been instituted within the state. Yet, I also suggest that any analysis of these discourses and policies must critically examine their class and race and gender effects at the level of who benee ts from their specie c institutionalisations and from their contradictory functions within real terrains of social power.

Comparing Neo-liberal Pro jects and Inequality in Education

In this article, I pay particular attention to some of the most important dynamics surrounding globalisation in education—the increasingly powerful discourses and polices of neoliberalism concerning privatisation, marketisation, performativity, and the 'enterprising individual'. While I demonstrate the truly international effects of neo‐liberal policies—and the differential realities they tend to produce in real schools—I also suggest that we cannot simply read off the effects of these policies in the abstract. Their uses and effects are historically contingent. They are at least partly dependent on the balance of forces in each nation and on the histories of the ways progressive tendencies have already been instituted within the state. Yet, I also suggest that any analysis of these discourses and policies must critically examine their class and race and gender effects at the level of who benefits from their specific institutionalisations and from their contradictory functions within real terrains of soci...

Comparing Neo-liberal Projects and Inequality in Education

Airplane Stability and Control, Second Edition: Teachers and Texts

1. Early developments in stability and control 2. Research centers and texts 3. Flying qualities becomes a science 4. Power effects on stability and control 5. Managing control forces 6. Stability and control at the design stage 7. The jets at an awkward age 8. The discovery of inertial coupling 9. Spinning and recovery 10. Tactical airplane maneuverability 11. High mach number difficulties 12. Naval aircraft problems 13. Ultra-light and human-powered airplanes 14. Fuel slosh, deep stall, and more 15. Safe personal airplanes 16. Stability and control issues with variable sweep 17. Modern canard configurations 18. Evolution of the equations of motion 19. The elastic airplane 20. Stability augmentation 21. Flying qualities research moves with the times 22. Challenge of stealth aerodynamics 23. Very large aircraft 24. Work still to be done Short biographies of some stability and control figures References and core bibliography.

Airplane Stability and Control: A History of the Technologies That Made Aviation Possible

Minimum induced loss windmills and propellers

Airplane Stability and Control, Second Edition: Naval Aircraft Problems

The scale of atmospheric entry processes and of certain other problems in vehicle dynamics may be quantified in terms of a vehicle parameter that has the dimension of length. Two such lengths, the "aerodynamic penetration" 2m/pACD and the "aerodynamic radius" 2m/pACL-> have simple physical interpretations and tend to be constant multiples of the characteristic dimensions of geometrically similar vehicles of constant density. The aerodynamic penetration may be used as a linear scale factor to generalize trajectory studies if aerodynamic drag is important, and the aerodynamic radius may be used if aerodynamic lift is important. Several problems involving the deceleration and flight mechanics of entry vehicles, airplanes, and ballistic projectiles are discussed to show the application of these parameters to wellknown situations.

E. Eugene Larrabee

Papers

Airplane Stability and Control, Second Edition: Teachers and Texts

Airplane Stability and Control: A History of the Technologies That Made Aviation Possible

Minimum induced loss windmills and propellers

Airplane Stability and Control, Second Edition: Naval Aircraft Problems

Aerodynamic penetration and radius as unifying concepts in flight mechanics.