对一株分离自鱼类致病菌株的个体形态、生理生化特性进行了分类研究 ,确定该菌株为荧光假单胞菌 (Pseudomonasfluorescens) ,其耐热特性以及能利用甘油作为唯一碳源和能量来源 ,与标准模式菌株不同 ,在 4 3℃仍然能够生长 ,研究还表明 ,该菌株产生的荧光色素水溶液在波长 32 5nm的紫外区有最大光吸收值 .

一株耐热荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)的鉴定

介绍由灰葡萄孢菌[Botrytis cinerea Pers.ex Fr.]引起的黄姜(Dioscorea zingibernsis)新病害黄姜灰霉病的症状、病原、发生规律和防治方法.

黄姜灰霉病（Botrytis cinerea）的发生和防治

Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), ech42, nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305.2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants. More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations (for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations) were obtained. The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, while the exochitinase-encoding gene, nag70, had lesser effect. The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance. Nevertheless, exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics. Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with single gluc78. A few lines expressing either ech42 or nag70 gene were immune to the disease. Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level. This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs from Trichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice.

Enhancing rice resistance to fungal pathogens by transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from Trichoderma atroviride

The biocontrol potential of four wild yeast strains (Meyerozyma guilliermondii – strain YS-1, Meyerozyma caribbica – strain YS-3, Cryptococcus albidus – strain YS-4, and Cryptococcus sp. – strain Y...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1178636119837643

Effect of CaCl2 and Various Wild Yeasts From Plant Origin on Controlling Penicillium expansum Postharvest Decays in Golden Delicious Apples.

This review decribes recent advances in effective biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables , including application of antagonistic microorganisms, induction of disease resistance, using natural plant products, and genetic engineering for improving plant resistance to pathogens.

Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables

Pome fruits are highly susceptible to postharvest decomposition by various fungi. The most common decays resulting in tremendous economic losses are caused by Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Colletotrichum spp., Mucor piriformis and Rhizopus spp. In addition to vast economic losses due to fungal decomposition of these fruits, some decay-causing pathogens (i.e. P. expansum) produce toxic secondary metabolites which have adverse health effec ts on humans. Mainly, synthetic fungicides have been used to protect fruits from postharvest pathogens. In order to reduce the use of these chemicals and consequently, lessen their adverse effects on human health and the environment and to find ways to control pathogen strains that have acquired resistance to such fungicides, scientists have been in quest of alternative methods for controlling postharvest pathogens. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) are a promising alternative to chemical fungicides. Several bacteria, yeasts and moulds including members of the Bacillus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Candida, Cryptococcus, Filobasidium, Kloeckera, Metchnikowia, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, Aureobasidium and Trichoderma genera were proven to possess biocontrol activiti es against various postharvest pathogens. Combinations of BCAs as well as application of a BCA following another treatment produced increased protective effects against the pathogens. This review summarizes the specific activities of several BCAs and their advantages and shortcomings as means of controlling postharvest decays of pome fruits.

E. J. Katsoudas

Papers

Bacteria and fungi as biocontrol agents against pome fruit postharvest pathogens