Mobile terminals are often in the dynamic environment of heterogeneous networks. For some reasons, they need to switch between different networks, namely vertical handover. At this moment, it is a very crucial issue for the mobile terminal to select the best suitable one rapidly from all detected alternative networks on condition that the selection result can avoid the ping-pong effect as much as possible. This paper proposes a heterogeneous network selection algorithm based on the combination of network attribute and user preference. Taking full account of user preferences for each candidate network and the actual situation of heterogeneous networks, the algorithm combines three typical MADM methods, namely FAHP, Entropy and TOPSIS. We first use FAHP to calculate the subjective weights of network attributes and the subjective utility values of all alternatives for four typical traffic classes, and then use Entropy and TOPSIS to respectively get the objective weights of network attributes and the objective utility values of all alternatives. Finally, according to the comprehensive utility value of every candidate network and a threshold, the most appropriate network, whose comprehensive utility value is maximum and greater than the corresponding value of the current network of the mobile terminal, is selected to access. The proposed algorithm not only avoids the one-sided nature of a single algorithm, but also dynamically adjusts the proportion of each algorithm in the final result according to the actual requirements. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately select the optimal access network, significantly reduce the number of vertical handovers and provide the required QoS and QoE in terms of the quantified benefit from vertical handoff, compared with three existing hybrid algorithms.

A heterogeneous network selection algorithm based on network attribute and user preference

ISSN 2277-5099 | © 2016 Bonfring Abstract--In Indonesia, based on data from police, from the 2007-2010 at least 218 253 number of accidents occur. Approximately 65% of accidents occur due to human negligence. At the time of Eid 23 August to 7 September 2011, the number of accidents that occur most often caused by drowsy drivers (1,018 cases), followed by airworthiness vehicles (449 cases), roadworthiness (387 cases), and speed (155 cases). Drowsiness detection system created to reduce the risk of accident while driving. The system will records image of driver then face and eyes will be detected. Results of eyes detection, each frame value will be analyzed if eyes are closed for 4 seconds. If eyes close for 4 seconds then system will decide that driver is sleepy and alarm will sound. From the experiment, average result for detection is 954 ms, best position of camera is above the driver on the dashboard and for bright condition.

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Driver Drowsiness Detection System

When surrounded by the heterogeneous networks environment, mobile terminals are often expected to select an optimal network quickly from the detected alternatives to ensure the required or better quality of service. How to reduce the probability of ping-pong effect of the process as much as possible is one of the most prominent challenges. From the two viewpoints of attribute weight and utility value, a flexible hybrid multiple attribute decision making heterogeneous network selection algorithm consisting of FAHP, standard deviation, and GRA is proposed. In this algorithm, comprehensive evaluation value of each candidate network is calculated by integrating attribute weight and utility value. Only the network whose comprehensive evaluation value is larger than that of current network and is at least the preassigned threshold will be chosen as the target network and start the handover process. Otherwise the terminal will remain on the current network. Simulation results show that among the four traffic classes this algorithm can quickly select the most suitable network and significantly reduce the number of vertical handovers and the number of ping-pong effects, compared with other four existing baseline algorithms.

A Hybrid MADM Algorithm Based on Attribute Weight and Utility Value for Heterogeneous Network Selection

The state of art pertaining to vertical handover decisions in next-generation wireless networks provides a detailed overview of vertical handover studies. This paper classifies the research initiatives under the vertical handover decision mechanism for heterogeneous wireless networks. A fair comparison of traditional and recent techniques is drafted to obtain direction of the vertical handover decision. Several issues related to seamless support on mobility management techniques have been described in the literature. The next-generation wireless network promises to offer enhanced data services compared to other networks in mobile communication. Since all next generation network (NGN) is an IP-based network, challenges drive toward providing quality of service in the handover process. The necessity of handover process is a seamless connection. The handover operations that minimize or even target the elimination of delay in new network connection establishment are most welcomed. However, frequent disconnection and inefficient seamless handovers result in handover operation failures. Most of the existing methods on handover decisions are based on mobile-controlled handovers. Here, the decisions are in-corporate in the mobile devices. Several mobile-controlled handovers take a single parameter or two or more additional parameters as a combination to evaluate the policy decision. These approaches are carefully studied and classified.

State of Art: Vertical Handover Decision Schemes in Next-Generation Wireless Network

High-efficiency Access network selection algorithms are crucial to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) in heterogeneous networks environment. Hereby, an intelligent access network selection algorithm based on multiple attribute decision making (MADM) is proposed in this paper. First, considering the special characteristics of cognitive wireless networks, a cross-layer network framework based on cognitive cycle was proposed. Secondly, according to network condition and QoE of users, we used the cross-layer multiple attributes to make decision for network selection. Lastly, simulation experiments were carried out using MATLAB. The simulation results show that the network selection algorithm was effective. The number of handoffs and sorting anomaly ratios were reduced. The quality of network service, user experience and network resource utilization were improved. Mobile users can access the most suitable network according to different traffic type requirements.

A cognitive wireless networks access selection algorithm based on MADM

In a heterogeneous wireless network, handover techniques are designed to facilitate anywhere/anytime service continuity for mobile users. Consistent best-possible access to a network with widely varying network characteristics requires seamless mobility management techniques. Hence, the vertical handover process imposes important technical challenges. Handover decisions are triggered for continuous connectivity of mobile terminals. However, bad network selection and overload conditions in the chosen network can cause fallout in the form of handover failure. In order to maintain the required Quality of Service during the handover process, decision algorithms should incorporate intelligent techniques. In this paper, a new and efficient vertical handover mechanism is implemented using a dynamic programming method from the operation research discipline. This dynamic programming approach, which is integrated with the Technique to Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, provides the mobile user with the best handover decisions. Moreover, in this proposed handover algorithm a deterministic approach which divides the network into zones is incorporated into the network server in order to derive an optimal solution. The study revealed that this method is found to achieve better performance and QoS support to users and greatly reduce the handover failures when compared to the traditional TOPSIS method. The decision arrived at the zone gateway using this operational research analytical method (known as the dynamic programming knapsack approach together with Technique to Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) yields remarkably better results in terms of the network performance measures such as throughput and delay.

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Knapsack--TOPSIS Technique for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Network.

The design of a dual-band monopole antenna exploiting the concepts of metamaterial loading is presented in this paper. A left-handed metamaterial (LHM) is designed to reduce the size of a simple mo...

Miniaturized Dual-Band Metamaterial-Loaded Antenna for Heterogeneous Vehicular Communication Networks

All wireless networks possess self-organizing architecture with an infrastructure-less feature to combine and form an Ad Hoc network called MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc network). All mobile nodes working under this network are routers and they are connected through wireless links in those networks. Mobile routers in the wireless network have the freedom to move and they have ability to organize themselves arbitrarily. This feature makes wireless topology to change very often and the data predictability in such a dynamic environment becomes complex. This makes the data access in such environment weak and data loss may occur due to intermittent network connections. Therefore, the restricted power supplies make way for data loss. Therefore, enhanced method with Cooperative cache path is proposed in this paper. This method deals with time and energy efficient technique for local communication with an efficient caching algorithm using Analytic Hierarchy Process. Data Sharing and mobile node coordination of cached data among multiple mobile nodes enable better cache performance to have quick data access with proper latency and enhances data availability in a frequently changing dynamic mobile environment. Proper selection of wireless path with optimal solution gives significant improvement in performance of the network. This paper targets and concentrates on selecting the effective routing cache paths to transfer data in those paths by considering multiple criteria using AHP method.

AHP Based Cooperative Cache Path Support in Mobile AD HOC Network

Significant research to establish a seamless connection through a vertical handover process has been carried out in the past. Selecting a suitable access network to support roaming, give rise to wide challenges. A mobile terminal decides when to transfer the call connection through a handover process and the entire control process is carried out by the mobile devices. A mobile terminal based decision often creates high latency and thereby gives way for high call drop as the terminal or the mobile user is unaware of the network conditions. The aim of this paper is to design and implement network-controlled selection for handover process. TOPSIS and VIKOR are compared to selection score to utilize MADM scheme to perform handover in a wireless network to avoid unnecessary handover.

E. M. Malathy

Papers

State of Art: Vertical Handover Decision Schemes in Next-Generation Wireless Network

Knapsack--TOPSIS Technique for Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Network.

Miniaturized Dual-Band Metamaterial-Loaded Antenna for Heterogeneous Vehicular Communication Networks

AHP Based Cooperative Cache Path Support in Mobile AD HOC Network

A Comparative Evaluation of QoS-Based Network Selection Between TOPSIS and VIKOR