This paper reviews the past, present, and future of the hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials from the point of view of preparation of hard tissue replacement implants. Properties of the hard tissues are also described. The mechanical reliability of the pure HAp ceramics is low, therefore it cannot be used as artificial teeth or bones. For these reasons, various HAp-based composites have been fabricated, but only the HAp-coated titanium alloys have found wide application. Among the others, the microstructurally controlled HAp ceramics such as fibers/whiskers-reinforced HAp, fibrous HAp-reinforced polymers, or biomimetically fabricated HAp/collagen composites seem to be the most suitable ceramic materials for the future hard tissue replacement implants.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0884291400042527

Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants

Bioceramics of calcium orthophosphates

A bioprosthetic device is provided for soft tissue attachment, reinforcement, and or reconstruction. The device comprises a naturally occurring extracellular matrix portion and a three-dimensional synthetic portion. In illustrated embodiments, the naturally occurring extracellular matrix portion comprises layers of small intestine submucosa, and the three-dimensional synthetic portion comprises a foam or a three-dimensional mesh, textile, or felt.

Hybrid biologic-synthetic bioabsorbable scaffolds

Background: The advent of osseointegration and advances in biomaterials and techniques have contributed to increased application of dental implants in the restoration of partial and completely edentulous patients. Often, in these patients, soft and hard tissue defects result from a variety of causes, such as infection, trauma, and tooth loss. These create an anatomically less favorable foundation for ideal implant placement. For prosthetic-driven dental implant therapy, reconstruction of the alveolar bone through a variety of regenerative surgical procedures has become predictable; it may be necessary prior to implant placement or simultaneously at the time of implant surgery to provide a restoration with a good long-term prognosis. Regenerative procedures are used for socket preservation, sinus augmentation, and horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation.Methods: A broad overview of the published findings in the English literature related to various bone augmentation techniques is outlined. A comprehensi...

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Papers

Biomaterial aspects of Interpore-200 porous hydroxyapatite