Single-step purification of polypeptides expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions with glutathione S-transferase.

5'-Noncoding sequences have been compiled from 699 vertebrate mRNAs. (GCC) GCCA/GCCATGG emerges as the consensus sequence for initiation of translation in vertebrates. The most highly conserved position in that motif is the purine in position -3 (three nucleotides upstream from the ATG codon); 97% of vertebrate mRNAs have a purine, most often A, in that position. The periodical occurrence of G (in positions -3, -6, -9) is discussed. Upstream ATG codons occur in fewer than 10% of vertebrate mRNAs-at-large; a notable exception are oncogene transcripts, two-thirds of which have ATG codons preceding the start of the major open reading frame. The leader sequences of most vertebrate mRNAs fall in the size range of 20 to 100 nucleotides. The significance of shorter and longer 5'-noncoding sequences is discussed.

An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs

Activated protein C (APC) is a serine protease with potent anticoagulant properties, which is formed in blood on the endothelium from an inactive precursor During normal haemostasis, APC limits clot formation by proteolytic inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa (ref 2) To do this efficiently the enzyme needs a nonenzymatic cofactor, protein S (ref 3) Recently it was found that the anticoagulant response to APC (APC resistance) was very weak in the plasma of 21% of unselected consecutive patients with thrombosis and about 50% of selected patients with a personal or family history of thrombosis; moreover, 5% of healthy individuals show APC resistance, which is associated with a sevenfold increase in the risk for deep vein thrombosis Here we demonstrate that the phenotype of APC resistance is associated with heterozygosity or homozygosity for a single point mutation in the factor V gene (at nucleotide position 1,691, G-->A substitution) which predicts the synthesis of a factor V molecule (FV Q506, or FV Leiden) that is not properly inactivated by APC The allelic frequency of the mutation in the Dutch population is approximately 2% and is at least tenfold higher than that of all other known genetic risk factors for thrombosis (protein C (ref 8), protein S (ref 9), antithrombin10 deficiency) together

/pdf/mutation-in-blood-coagulation-factor-v-associated-with-33avp1ullq.pdf

Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C

Rapid and sensitive detection of point mutations and DNA polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction

The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation. The first-AUG rule is not absolute, but there are rules for breaking the rule. Some anomalous observations that seemed to contradict the scanning mechanism now appear to be artifacts. A few genuine anomalies remain unexplained.

/pdf/the-scanning-model-for-translation-an-update-52r2in8l71.pdf

The scanning model for translation: an update.

Subunits a or a' of factor xiii

Factor XII (Hageman factor) is a plasma protein that participates in the early phase of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. Bovine factor XII is a single-chain molecule which is converted to factor XII a by minor proteolysis. Factor XII a is composed of a heavy and a light chain held together by a disulfide bond(s), The active site in this protein is in the light chain of the molecule. In the intrinsic pathway, factor XII a converts factor XI to factor XI a in the presence of high molecular weight kininogen. In the extrinsic pathway, factor XII a converts factor VII to factor VII a .

Earl W. Davie

Papers

Subunits a or a' of factor xiii

The early phase of blood coagulation