The present invention provides a gas turbine combustor that has a fuel injection nozzle using a fluid other than liquid fuel to atomize the liquid fuel and that can suppress a reduction in power generation efficiency resulting from a heat loss while promoting the atomization of the liquid fuel. The gas turbine combustor is adapted to mix liquid fuel with combustion air led from a compressor, burn the mixture, and supply combustion gas generated to a gas turbine. The gas turbine combustor includes a fuel injection nozzle that atomizes the liquid fuel into fine liquid droplets. The fuel injection nozzle includes a first system adapted to supply the liquid fuel and a second system adapted to supply a fluid for atomizing the liquid fuel. Low-boiling liquid fuel is supplied to the second system as the fluid. The second system is adapted to heat and supply the low-boiling liquid fuel.

Gas turbine combustor

The development technology and applications of supercritical CO2 power cycle in nuclear energy, solar energy and other energy industries

This paper presents a novel and unified analytic formulation for kinematics, statics, and shape restoration of multiple-backbone continuum robots. These robots achieve actuation redundancy by independently pulling and pushing three backbones to carry out a bending motion of two-degrees-of-freedom (DoF). A solution framework based on constraints of geometric compatibility and static equilibrium is derived using elliptic integrals. This framework allows the investigation of the effects of different external loads and actuation redundancy resolutions on the shape variations in these continuum robots. The simulation and experimental validation results show that these continuum robots bend into an exact circular shape for one particular actuation resolution. This provides a proof to the ubiquitously accepted circular-shape assumption in deriving kinematics for continuum robots. The shape variations due to various actuation redundancy resolutions are also investigated. The simulation results show that these continuum robots have the ability to redistribute loads among their backbones without introducing significant shape variations. A strategy for partially restoring the shape of the externally loaded continuum robots is proposed. The simulation results show that either the tip orientation or the tip position can be successfully restored.

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Analytic Formulation for Kinematics, Statics, and Shape Restoration of Multibackbone Continuum Robots Via Elliptic Integrals

This paper presents the design analysis fabrication and testing of a high-bandwidth piezo-driven parallel kinematic nanopositioning XY stage. The monolithic stage design has two axes and each axis is composed of a doubly clamped beam and a parallelogram hybrid flexure with compliant beams and circular flexure hinges. The doubly clamped beam that is actuated by a piezoelectric actuator acts as a linear prismatic axis. The parallelogram hybrid flexures are used to decouple the actuation effect from the other axis. The mechanism design decouples the motion in the X- and Y-directions and restricts parasitic rotations in the XY plane while allowing for an increased bandwidth with linear kinematics in the operating region. Kinematic and dynamic analysis shows that the mechanical structure of the stage has decoupled motion in XY-direction while achieving high bandwidth and good linearity. The stage is actuated by piezoelectric stack actuators, and two capacitive gauges were added to the system to build a closed-loop positioning system. The results from frequency tests show that the resonant frequencies of the two vibrational modes are over 8 kHz. The stage is capable of about 15 μm of motion along each axis with a resolution of about 1 nm. Due to parallel kinematic mechanism design, a uniform performance is achieved across the workspace. A PI controller is implemented for the stage and a closed-loop bandwidth of 2 kHz is obtained.

Development of a High-Bandwidth XY Nanopositioning Stage for High-Rate Micro-/Nanomanufacturing

Thermodynamic and economic optimizations of a waste heat to power plant driven by a subcritical ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) using pure or zeotropic working fluid

The beam flexure is an important constraint element in flexure mechanism design. Nonlinearities arising from the force equilibrium conditions in a beam significantly affect its properties as a constraint element. Consequently, beam-based flexure mechanisms suffer from performance tradeoffs in terms of motion range, accuracy and stiffness, while benefiting from elastic averaging. This paper presents simple yet accurate approximations that capture the effects of load-stiffening and elastokinematic nonlinearities in beams. A general analytical framework is developed that enables a designer to parametrically predict the performance characteristics such as mobility, over-constraint, stiffness variation, and error motions, of beam-based flexure mechanisms without resorting to tedious numerical or computational methods. To illustrate their effectiveness, these approximations and analysis approach are used in deriving the force-displacement relationships of several important beam-based flexure constraint modules, and the results are validated using finite element analysis. Effects of variations in shape and geometry are also analytically quantified.

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Characteristics of Beam-Based Flexure Modules

An injection assembly for use with a combustor is provided. The injection assembly includes an effusion plate that has a plurality of plate openings and a plate sleeve having a sidewall portion that includes a forward edge. The forward edge is coupled to the effusion plate such that the effusion plate is oriented obliquely with respect to a centerline extending through the combustor. The injection assembly also includes a plurality of ring extensions where each of the ring extensions is coupled to one of the plurality of plate openings. Each ring extension extends rearwardly into the plate sleeve.

Injection assembly for a combustor

An apparatus for distributing a fluid in a gas flow path inside a turbomachine, comprising: a device for introducing the fluid into the gas flow path; and wherein the device is positioned within the gas flow path. A method for installing an apparatus that will distribute a fluid in a gas flow path inside a turbomachine, the method comprising: machining a casing groove along an inner surface of a casing; machining at least one port into the casing that is in fluid communication with the casing groove; machining an internal cavity in at least one stator blade that is in fluid communication with the casing groove; machining at least one orifice, that is in fluid communication with the internal cavity, on an orifice surface of the stator blade; and coupling a fluid supply to the at least one port.

Method and apparatus for distributing fluid into a turbomachine

GE Global Research in collaboration with Southwest Research Institute is working on development of a supercritical CO2 (sCO2) turbo-expander for application to a sCO2 based power cycle for concentrated solar power (CSP) conversion. The proposed cycle uses sCO2 as both the heat transfer fluid in the solar receiver and the working fluid in the power block. The lower thermal mass and increased power density of the sCO2 cycle, as compared to steam-based systems, enables the development of compact, highefficiency power blocks that are compatible with sensible-heat thermal energy storage, and can respond quickly to transient environmental changes and frequent start-up/shut-down operations. These smaller, integrated power blocks are ideal for modular tower mounted CSP solutions in the 5-10 MW range. With funding under the Sunshot initiative, the authors are developing this high-efficiency sCO2 turbo-expander for the solar power plant duty cycle profile for the sCO2 Brayton cycle. The scalable sCO2 expander design closes a critical technology gap required for an optimized CSP sCO2 power plant and provides a major stepping stone on the pathway to achieving CSP power at $0.06/kW-hr levelized cost of electricity, increasing energy conversion efficiency to greater than 50%, and reducing total power block cost to below $1,200/kW installed. High power density of the sCO2 working and its impact on turbine design are presented in detail.

Development of high efficiency hot gas turbo-expander for optimized csp supercritical co2 power block operation

An apparatus for providing active clearance control between blade tips and seals in a turbomachine comprising: stator carrier segments (36,38,40,42), with stator seals centripetally disposed on them; a shell (10) that adjustably houses the first stator carrier segments (36,38,40,42); at least one displacement apparatus (34) in operable communication with at least one stator carrier segment (12) and configured to position the at least one stator carrier segment (12) to provide active clearance control to the stator seals disposed on the at least one stator carrier segment (12).

Edip Sevincer

Papers

Characteristics of Beam-Based Flexure Modules

Injection assembly for a combustor

Method and apparatus for distributing fluid into a turbomachine

Development of high efficiency hot gas turbo-expander for optimized csp supercritical co2 power block operation

Method and apparatus for turbomachine active clearance control