Edith Clarke

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of circuit and machine characteristics on the duration and magnitude of overvoltages has received considerable attention, and field tests have been made in order to determine the effectiveness of different methods of grounding, and the accuracy of the methods used to calculate the magnitude of the overvoltage during system faults.

TL;DR: The authors are at present in a period of power-system development during which it is essential that the best use be made of manpower and materials, and equipment must be re-evaluated and refinements made in the design of apparatus and methods of system control.

Abstract: During the past year the subject of power transmission by multiple-conductor circuits has received considerable attention. The formulas and estimating curves given in the paper may therefore be of interest at this time. Formulas are developed for the inductance and capacitance to neutral per phase and the approximate corona starting voltage of perfectly transposed, multiple-conductor, three-phase transmission lines having any number of conductors per phase. For certain special arrangements of the conductors, curves are given for the 60-cycle reactance, capacity susceptance, and corona starting voltage. These curves show the effect of variations, throughout their practical range, in conductor diameter, spacing between phases and between conductors of the same phase. Two, three, four and five conductors per phase are considered. A comparison is made of multiple- and single-conductor circuits with respect to charging current, voltage at no load, power which can be carried with the same voltage drop, and stability.

TL;DR: In this article, two methods of calculating steady-state stability were given in detail and illustrated by examples, and all formulas from published references necessary for the calculations are included and all calculations are given in full so that similar studies can readily be made by an engineer who has not previously made a study of the subject of stability.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed and discussed both for existing transmission distances up to about 300 miles and for greater distance up to a full wave length; also eight different methods that have been proposed for increasing the loading per circuit or distance to which a-c power can be transmitted are discussed.