As part of a larger project, this paper serves as an overview that examines how “ai” 愛 (love) as an affective concept made its way into the Chinese vocabulary, how it gained popularity at specific ...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2050303219874366

Politics of love: Love as a religious and political discourse in modern China through the lens of political leaders:

Chinese socialism to 1907

Russia and the Roots of the Chinese Revolution, 1896–1911. By Don C. Price. [Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974. 303 p. $16.00.]

Communism as an ideology was first introduced to Malaya by Chinese anarchists, and not by Kuomintang Left, Indonesian communists or Chinese communists as claimed in existing scholarship. 1 A handful of Chinese anarchists arrived in British Malaya during the First World War to take up positions as Chinese vernacular school teachers or journalists. These Chinese intellectuals harboured not only anarchism but also communism, commonly known then as anarcho-communism.

Origins and Development of the Malayan Communist Movement, 1919–1930

Venerable Taixu (1890–1947) is widely recognized as one of the most influential figures in the modernization of Chinese Buddhism. The present article is a historical analysis of his early years, looking at his childhood, renunciation, Buddhist education, first religious experience, interest in political thought, and early efforts to establish a national Buddhist association. These events, occurring during his first twenty-four years, represent a seminal period in his life. Although this represented a time of idealism during which Taixu’s ideas were in their earliest stages, the commitments that he formed would endure throughout his life.

https://www.chinesebuddhiststudies.org/previous_issues/chbj2105-New_Goodell_CHBJ_V21.pdf

Taixu's Youth and Years of Romantic Idealism, 1890-1914

Socialism has been a visible issue in Chinese ideological conflicts continuously since 1905, when socialist policies were first incorporated into the political agenda of the Revolutionary Alliance. In the early years of the Republic, the issue was kept alive by the efforts of two remarkable men, Jiang Kanghu (18831945) and Liu Sifu (1884-1915), the one a socialist, the other an anarchist. They and the groups they led were marginal in contemporary politics. But the ideas they advocated seemed dangerous enough to the authorities to warrant official persecution. Their writings and activities contributed significantly to the propagation of socialism after 1919, when socialism came into its own in China. This article seeks to elucidate differences in the socialist and anarchist conceptions of revolution in the early Republic. These differences provoked the first polemics among Chinese socialists

Edward S. Krebs

Papers

Socialism and Anarchism in Early Republican China