Eishi Hirasaki

TL;DR: It is suggested that two mechanisms are utilized to maintain a stable head fixation distance over the optimal range of walking velocities, and that compensatory head pitch movements may be produced predominantly by the angular vestibulocollic reflex (aVCR) at low walking speeds and by the linear vestibULocolli reflex (lV CR) at the higher speeds.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the spider monkey type of climbing could be functionally preadaptive for human bipedalism and develop the hip and knee extensor muscles, and result in more extended lower limb joints, a more erect trunk posture, and more functionally differentiated fore- and hindlimbs, all of which are important characteristics of human bipingalism.

TL;DR: The finding that macaques, which are phylogenetically distant from humans and in which bipedal walking is unlike human walking, could develop humanlike gait characteristics with training provides strong support for the commonly held but unproven idea that the characteristics of the human gait are advantageous to human bipedALism.

TL;DR: The results of the head-fixed target experiment suggest that phase modification of the aVOR during visual suppression could play a role in generating eye movements consistent with the goal of maintaining gaze on targets closer than the HFD, which would augment the lVOR response.

TL;DR: Analysis of head movements showed that pitch rotation seemed to counteract the translational movement in the sagittal plane, and the mean pitch position of the head was larger for the elderly group, while head acceleration of elderly people showed a higher frequency in the power spectrum.