2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

세계화가 과연 하나의 독립변수로 사용하기에 충분할 정도로 그 의미가 명확하게 규명된 과학적 개념인가의 여부는 학계의 지속적인 의문으로 남아 있다. 특히 최근에는 현저하게 드러나고 있는 각종 반세계화 현상을 바탕으로 세계화에 대한 반론이 거세지고 있으며 일부 세계화론 주창자들조차 ‘현실’로서 세계화 현상에 대한 회의적 시각을 표출하고 있어 그 의문은 더욱 커지고 있다. 이에 따라 세계화를 설명 변수로 삼는 모든 연구 영역에서 세계화의 의미와 세계화와 관련된 연구 성과를 반추해 볼 필요성도 커지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 세계화의 의미 분석을 바탕으로 세계화를 안보환경 변화의 독립변수로 삼는 연구의 동향을 분석하고 연구의 방향을 제시하는데 있다. 세계화는 그 설명적 가치와 규범적 판단을 둘러싸고 논란이 계속되고 있는 개념이다. 세계화는 세계화론자를 중심으로 발전되어 온 개념이지만 이들 사이에서도 개념에 대한 합의는 존재하지 않는다. 세계화는 가장 단순하게는 하나의 현상 혹은 사건으로 간주되기도 하지만, 세계화의 본질을 규명하려는 입장에서는 세계화의 원인과 영향에 대한 인과관계는 물론 사회관계 본질이나 권력관계 변화를 적시하는 개념으로 취급하여 왔다. 그러나 세계화를 개념화하려는 노력은 수많은 하부 현상을 단일 요소로 설명해야 하며, 역으로 개념 속에 혼재되어 있는 세계화의 원인, 결과, 설명 및 규범적 판단 요소를 단순화해야 한다는 과제를 안고 있다. 특히 원인과 결과가 혼재되어 있는 세계화 개념은 현상 분석을 위한 설명체제 구성에 가장 큰 장애요인이 되고 있다. 세계화와 안보와의 관계를 다루는 연구는 대체로 세계화에 관한 중도론적 입장에서 안보에 관한 낙관론을 피하고 새로운 위협을 제시하는데 초점을 맞추는데, 이러한 경향은 안보연구에서 세계화를 가장 단순한 수준에서 정의하는 데에서 비롯된다. 그러나 지나치게 단순한 세계화 개념을 적용하는 안보연구는 질적으로 새로운 현상인 세계화를 여전히 국가중심적 시각에서 다루고 모든 안보위협을 테러리즘의 문제로 축소하려는 환원주의의 문제를 야기한다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해서는 세계화 개념의 불완전성을 염두에 둔 세계화 개념에 대한 접근과 일관된 세계화 개념 적용이 요구된다. 또한 세계화 현상으로부터 직접적인 안보 사안을 도출하는 노력에서 한 차원 더 나아가 안보연구의 새로운 방향을 제시해 줄 수 있는 안보환경 변화의 전체적 특성을 분석하는 포괄적 연구가 요구된다.

세계화(globalization)와 안보 연구

Kuznets (Simon) - Modem Economie Growth.

Theory of Collective Behavior

The purpose of this article is to determine the future proportion and variants of usage of human intellect and artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship of industry 4.0 that fits social entrepreneurship the most. It could be convergence (simultaneous utilization during the same entrepreneurial processes with the emphasis on unique features by the terms of the competition) or divergence (usage during different business processes by the terms of labor division).,The authors determine the influence of usage of human capital and AI on the efficiency of social entrepreneurship. The authors identify the perspective directions of usage of AI in social entrepreneurship and evaluate the readiness and interest in the implementation of these directions of concerned parties. The authors also model the optimal proportions and the variant of usage of human intellect and AI in social entrepreneurship in the conditions of Industry 4.0 in the future (until 2030).,It is found that social entrepreneurship will use the opportunities of Industry 4.0 for optimization of its activities until 2030, but will refuse from full automatization, using human intellect and AI at the same time.,The most perspective directions of application of AI at social companies are a collection of social goods and services, marketing studies and promotion of social goods and services. Neither convergence nor divergence of human and artificial intellectual capital does not fully conform to the interests of concerned parties. The most preferable (optimal) variant of usage of human intellect and AI in social entrepreneurship in the Industry 4.0 is human intelligent decision support.

Human capital and AI in industry 4.0. Convergence and divergence in social entrepreneurship in Russia

The purpose of the chapter is to determine and analyze preconditions for formation and development of Industry 4.0 in the conditions of knowledge economy by the example of modern Russia. For evaluating the level and character of influence of the process of formation of knowledge economy on the possibilities of formation and development of Industry 4.0, the author uses the method of correlation analysis. The objects of analysis include the index of knowledge economy according to the World Bank and the indices that indirectly characterize the possibilities and perspectives of establishment and development of Industry 4.0—index of innovational development of economy according to the INSEAD and WIPO and the index of development of information and communication technologies according to the International Telecommunication Union. The values of these indices are studied in dynamics of several years—2013–2017. The additional methods of research that are used for evaluation of the growth rate of the values of these indices are horizontal and trend analysis. As a result, the authors proved that in the conditions of knowledge economy the preconditions of formation and development of Industry 4.0 appear. Therefore, in the interests of formation of Industry 4.0 and stimulation of business activity in this sphere it is necessary to develop knowledge economy, which is a platform for new industrial revolution. This shows that knowledge economy and Industry 4.0 develop not in the parallel way but are a single system—i.e., they are mutually supportive processes. Based on the results of the performed complex analysis, the second potential scenario is determined, at which during the initial stage of establishment of knowledge economy it is a platform for starting business activity in Industry 4.0, but then Industry 4.0 comes to the foreground, which is en inseparable component and basic criterion for defining the economic system as knowledge economy.

Preconditions of Formation and Development of Industry 4.0 in the Conditions of Knowledge Economy

This chapter elaborates on Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things to develop a strategy of optimization and achieve sustainable industrial development of Russia. We propose a framework strategy for perfecting the process of management of Industry 4.0 in Russia. The provision of the development strategy with financial resources is to be ensured by a public–private partnership and implementation of transnational initiatives for cooperation in the sphere of Industry 4.0. The critical result of this chapter is that Industry 4.0 must become a top-priority direction of modernization and sustainable growth.

Will Industry 4.0 and Other Innovations Impact Russia’s Development?

While the obstacles to supporting sustainable development include financial barriers, the goals of sustainable development are being pursued by separate small-scale and narrow private entrepreneurial initiatives within corporate responsibility and own commercial interests and by strictly limited (due to a deficit of financial resources) and ineffective (due to the inflexibility of management) national initiatives in the public interest. Our working hypothesis is that public–private partnership is a perspective mechanism of financing sustainable development, as it allows for harmonizing private and public interests, unifying entrepreneurial and government investments, and developing highly effective and full-scale implementation of initiatives in the sphere of sustainable development. We substantiate and develop practical recommendations for successful usage of public–private partnership as a mechanism of financing sustainable development. Flexibility and variability of the mechanism of public–private partnership ensures its applicability to any project in the sphere of sustainable development. A proprietary conceptual model of financing sustainable development by public–private partnership offers practical solutions to become a conceptual basis and framework practical guide for application of public–private partnership as a mechanism of financing sustainable development.

Public–Private Partnerships as a Mechanism of Financing Sustainable Development

This chapter models industrial, tech, and financial cooperation between Russia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. We use several complex methods of economic and mathematical modeling to analyze specific features of such cooperation and determine critical factors in industrial, technological, and financial development. The preferable choice for the Asia-Pacific region is cooperation with Russia, which is ready for an increase in imports of industrial and high-tech products as well as joint industrial innovational entrepreneurship. Investments would lead to synergetic effects, ensuring simultaneous industrial, technological, and financial development.

Elena G. Popkova

Papers

Preconditions of Formation and Development of Industry 4.0 in the Conditions of Knowledge Economy

Human capital and AI in industry 4.0. Convergence and divergence in social entrepreneurship in Russia

Will Industry 4.0 and Other Innovations Impact Russia’s Development?

Public–Private Partnerships as a Mechanism of Financing Sustainable Development

Modeling Russian Industrial, Tech, and Financial Cooperation with the Asia-Pacific Region